Technical Translation Dictionary & Glossary : English Portuguese Dutch

Shackle safety type / Manilha porca e contra-pino / Beugel met moerbout

2009-11-17T08:41:00.000-08:00

(EN) Shackle safety type
(PT) Manilha porca e contra-pino
(NL) Beugel met moerbout

Glossário Içamento - Portuguese hoisting glossary

2009-11-17T08:31:00.000-08:00

Aparelho de guindar
Equipamentos que suspendem a carga, por meio de cabos, entre o cais e o navio. São os guindastes, paus de carga, cábreas ou portainers.

Boom
Também chamada de lança, consiste em uma torre treliçada de aço ou em uma torre telescópica A base da torre é articulada, e pode ser suspendida e abaixada por cabos ou ainda por cilindros hidráulicos;Pau-de-carga.

Cábrea
Tipo de pau-de-carga com grande capacidade de carga. Denomina também os guindastes flutuantes.

Centro de Gravidade (CG)
O centro de gravidade (CG) é o termo mais usado popularmente para expressar o centro de massa (CM) de um corpo. O centro de gravidade é simplesmente uma posição média da distribuição da força peso. Note que ambas as definições de CM e CG são diferente, a primeira se refere à distribuição de massa e a outra a distribuição da força peso. Desde que a força peso exercida em um corpo de massa m é proporcional a sua massa, o CG e o CM se referem ao mesmo ponto de um corpo em regiões próximas a superfície.

Centro de Massa (CM)
Apesar de normalmente ouvirmos falar do centro de massa (CM) de um corpo e do centro de gravidade (CG) se referirem ao mesmo ponto de um corpo eles nem sempre coincidem. O que devemos salientar aqui é que o CM e o CG só coincidem porque o campo gravitacional próximo à superfície da terra é considerado, com boa aproximação, constante. Para um determinado corpo o seu centro de massa CM é definido como uma posição média de todas as massas na qual constitui o corpo . Para figuras planas simétricas tais como, uma chapa quadrada ou uma chapa triangular, os centros de massa ficam localizados no centro geométrico das respectivas placas. Para um cone, por exemplo, o centro de massa se localiza a um quarto da altura em relação a sua base

Clintagem
Sistema pelo qual vários volumes são presos por meio de cintas, arames ou fitas, formando uma unidade de carga. Usada para tábuas de madeira, de compensado, fardos, amarrados, etc.

Computador de bordo
Equipamento utilizado nos guindastes modernos, para auxiliar o operador e garantir uma operação segura, este equipamento possui armazenadas as tabelas de carga do equipamento e através de uma série de sensores, o computador registra as condições de operação do equipamento podendo até mesmo interromper sua operação, se a segurança estiver comprometida.

Crane
(crêin) ou Derrick (dérik) Guindaste

Crane Driver
(crêin dráiver): Guindasteiro.

Empilhador de contentores PT (Reach-Stacker)
Guindaste concebido com espalhador para o empilhamento de contentores.

Empilhador de garfos (Fork-lift truck)
Veículo com garfos elevatórios para serviço em armazém; equipado com garfos para elevações frontais de paletes.

Empilhador frontal (Front-lift truck)
Veículo mecânico de 3, 4 ou mais rodas concebido para a elevação, transporte e estiva de carga que poderá ser carregada em paletes, ou nos garfos do empilhador, ou com espalhador para contentores.

Jib
É o eixo ou braço extensor, É o bloco que une se a polia onde estão os cabos de aço.

Lingada
Amarrado de mercadorias correspondentes à porção a ser içada por guindaste ou pau-de-carga.

Patola
É um suporte móvel e retrátil que fixa o equipamento ao solo nivelando e sustentando o equipamento para sua operação.

Pau-de-carga
Tipo de aparelho de movimentação de peso que consiste numa verga (lança), que posiciona a carga suspensa por cabos. Normalmente, é fixada ao mastro e postada junto a escotilha (abertura do porão). O pau-de-carga completo é constituído de aparelho de acionamento, aparelho de lingada e guincho (fixado numa mesa de operação no convés, onde é operado pelo guincheiro).

Raio
É a distancia do centro do equipamento até a ponta da lança.

Reachstacker
Empilhadeira para movimentação e empilhamento de containers, que pode pegá-los de qualquer posição com seu braço flexível.

Rigging
É a operação de movimentação de cargas com uso de um ou mais equipamentos mecânicos.

Tabela de Carga
É uma tabela contendo a capacidade (altura, peso, raio de operação) de cada guindaste. Para uma operação segura deve-se respeitar os limites de altura e capacidade de carga de cada equipamento , o raio de operação tambem é levado em conta neste calculo.

Upper
Em guindastes móveis é a parte superior do equipamento responsável pela movimentação da carga.

Grua
Guindaste com cabine fixa, cuja estrutura principal se encontra montada em fundações permanentes ou semi-permanentes.

Grua de Cais ou Grua Fixa
Guindaste com cabine fixa, cuja estrutura principal está montada em fundações permanentes ou semi-permanentes, sobre carris ou pneus. Pode ser tipo pórtico.

Grua-pórtico
Tipo de grua de contentores de pernas verticais, com altura e largura suficientes para permitir a passagem de veículos ou equipamento ferroviário.

Technical translations & glossaries: lift & hoisting equipment

2009-11-15T04:04:00.000-08:00

Welcome to my website,

I will start updating my website again in a few day with new translations and glossaries relating to: lift & hoisting equipment, harbour & shipping terms, etc.
Feel free to leave comments or word suggestions. I hope that you find what you are looking for, if not ask.

Here is a small overview of the glossaries on my website:

English glossaries:

Glossary of Fall Protection Terms - PPE

Electric chain hoist terms / Glossary

Wire Rope Glossary - English Terms

Overhead crane glossary - english terminology

Crane Glossary - English Terminology

Glossary of lift and hoisting terms, crane related terminology

Port and shipping terminology - Maritime glossary

Dutch glossaries:

Haventermen - Dutch Glossary

Containertermen - Dutch Glossary

Portuguese glossaries:

Glossário Norma Regulamentadora Nº 18

Rope Pear Socket / Soquete tipo Pêra / Kabelpeer

2009-09-30T07:59:00.000-07:00

(EN) Spelter Socket - Basket Socket - rope pear socket (open/closed)
(PT) Soquete tipo Pêra (aberto/fechado)
(NL) Kabelpeer (open/gesloten)

Workshop Crane / Guindaste de Oficina / Werkplaatskraan

2009-08-07T05:35:00.000-07:00

(EN) Workshop Crane
(PT) Guindaste de Oficina
(NL) Werkplaatskraan - Giraffe

Sheaves / Roldanas / Kabelschijven

2009-08-07T05:09:00.000-07:00

(EN) Sheaves
(PT) Roldanas - Polias
(NL) Kabelschijven - Omleischijven

Telehandlers / Manipuladores telescópicos / Verreikers

2009-08-06T12:48:00.000-07:00

(EN) Telescopic handlers - Telehandlers
(PT) Manipuladores Telescópicos
(NL) Verreikers

Vertical Personal Lifts / Plataformas de mastro vertical / Verticale hoogwerker

2009-08-03T05:02:00.000-07:00

(EN) Mast Boom Lifts - Vertical Personal Lifts
(PT) Plataformas de mastro vertical
(NL) Verticale hoogwerker

Lifting Beam / Viga de Içamento / Hijsbalk

2009-08-03T04:55:00.000-07:00

(EN) Lifting Beam / Hoisting Beam
(PT) Viga de Içamento
(NL) Hijsbalk / Hijsjuk

New Translation Website: Visual Dictionary to English, Portuguese, Dutch, French, German

2009-07-09T13:05:00.000-07:00

Welcome to my visual dictionary with translations to Portuguese, Dutch and English.
This website provides translations and glossaries relating to: Container Handling, Lifting & Hoisting, Rigging, Harbour and Safety (PPE) equipment.

I started a new website with translations to English, Portuguese, Dutch, French and German relating to work tools, measuring instruments and more....
Visual Dictionary:

From the image to the word and its translations, this Visual Dictionary is a technical reference.
Search the labels to quickly locate words, or find the meaning of a word by viewing the image it represents.
What’s more, the Visual Dictionary Online helps you learn English, Portuguese, Dutch, French & German in a visual and accessible way.
The Visual Dictionary Online is ideal for teachers, parents, translators and students of all skill levels.

Click here to visit my new website!

Technical Translations and Glossaries almost one year online!

2009-07-03T10:15:00.000-07:00

I started this website in September 2008, since then a lot of people found their way here by google or other search engines. It is good to know that my site is helping you find translations and glossaries relating to lifting & hoisting equipment. I will continue updating this website. I would like to ask some people to stop spamming the reaction section with unrelated spam, it´s all right to put links to websites about lifting, hoisting equipment, Personal protective equipment (PPE) etc.
Every month I need to delete unrelated spam messages about; making money, medicine and other silly websites.
Write reactions on my website, give other word suggestions or ask questions.
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Enjoy and give me your opinion on how to improve this website!

Spring Balancer / Balancim / Balancer

2009-06-19T07:09:00.000-07:00

(EN) Spring Balancer / Load Balancer / Tool Balancer
(PT) Balancim
(NL) Balancer

These overhead devices provide and perform functions different from overhead hoist in that they can lift, lower and float a load. The balancer configurations and suspensions are similar to a hoist. The balancer functions differently from a hoist. The functional difference is indicated in the name: balancer. A balancer balances the load in a near weightless condition during the lifting operation. This feature allows the operator to maneuver the load easily. Balancers are often used for awkward and / or rapid load movements. Balancers can also be used to suspend equipment, which is used in repetitive operation. A variety of control options are available. A very broad range of load handling devices (end effectors) can expand this product’s versatility. Balancers are typically supported on small jibs, light monorail systems, or enclosed track monorail systems.

Applications of Spring Balancers / Load Balancers / Tool Balancers:
Portable Hand Tools, Welder Guns, Spray guns, Short Blast Guns, Drifting Attachments in mines and Quaries, Jute and synthetic bag closing machines, Gauges, Jigs and Fixtures, Pendant Station, Switch Button of Hoists, incase of de-oxidation, water washing of plating work with raising and lowering of work etc.

Advantages of Spring Balancer / Load Balancer / Tool Balancer:

Increases Productivity
Balancers keep poised for action, minimize motions required to bring tool from rest to work positions.

Extends Tool Life
Balancers eliminate pick-up and lay down wear and prevent damage from dropping.

Reduces Operator Fatigue
A Balancer makes the heaviest tool light as a feather. Operator effort can be directed to controlling the tool rather than supporting.

No Need of Power
There is no need of electrical or mechanical power.

Increases Safety
Balancers keep work area uncluttered to reduce chances of damages of accessories or accidental start up of tools during handling.

Effective Use of Space
The working place being widely utilized, and also to be cleaned up, the production is smoothly carried out.

Glossary of Fall Protection Terms - PPE

2009-06-18T08:31:00.000-07:00

Personal Protective Equipment - PPE

Anchorage:
a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or other fall protection deceleration devices.

Anchorage Connector:
used to join the connecting device (lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device) to the anchorage.

Arresting Force:
the force transmitted to the body when a fall is arrested. Also known as Fall Arrest Force.

Body belt (safety belt):
a strap with means both for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.
The use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.

Body Belt:
a waist strap for attaching to a lanyard, lifeline or deceleration device. Used for positioning and/or restraint. Also known as a Safety Belt.

Body Harness:
a design of straps which is secured about a person in a manner to distribute fall arresting forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders, with provisions for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Also known as a Full-Body Harness.

Body harness:
straps which may be secured around your employee in a way that distributes the fall arrest forces over at least the person’s thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders. The body harness must have a means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system.

Body Wear:
the personal protective equipment worn by a worker, such as a body belt or body harness.

Buckle:
an integral connector used to attach straps or webbing segments together or to themselves.

Cam Buckle:
an integral connector whereby the shoulder straps can be easily adjusted simultaneously with one hand. Promotes proper snug fit; will not slip or misadjust.

Competent person:
is defined by OSHA as someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Competent Person:
one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Connecting Device:
the critical link which joins the body wear to the anchorage/anchorage connector, such as shock-absorbing lanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting lifeline, rope grab, etc.

Connector:
a mechanism or device used to join together components of a personal fall arrest system or parts of a component within the system. See also Hardware.

Connector (anchorage connector):
a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. The connector may be an independent component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).

Controlled access zone (CAZ):
an area in which certain work (e.g., overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems and access to the zone is controlled.

Dangerous equipment:
equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other units) which, because of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment.

Deceleration device:
any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.

Deceleration Device:
any mechanism which serves to dissipate energy during a fall arrest, limiting the forces imposed on a person.

Deceleration distance:
the additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.

Directive 89/686/EEC:
European Directive for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE.
The Directive details both Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) for the PPE and the conformity assessment procedures, which for products protecting against more serious risk may require the intervention of a so-called "Notified Body". Notified Bodies are institutes appointed by the Member States and they have the mission to be at the service of the manufacturer wherever the Directive requests for third party intervention (EC type examination, approval and monitoring of quality assurance systems).
PPE Directive 89/686/EEC covers these products. It defines legal obligations ensuring that PPE on the European market gives the highest level of protection against hazards: the CE marking affixed to PPE signals that! As this is a "New Approach" Directive, manufacturers or their authorised representative in the European Union can comply with the technical requirements either directly, or by means of European Harmonised Standards, the latter providing a presumption of conformity to the essential health and safety requirements.

D-Ring:
an integral component or provision commonly found on body wear and some anchorage connectors which allows for attaching a connecting device (lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device).

Equivalent:
alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials or designs specified in the standard.

Failure:
means load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded.

Fall Indicator:
a safety device or warning flag which serves to let a user know that a shock-absorbing lanyard has been involved in a fall and should be removed from service.

Fall Limiter:
a self-retracting lifeline/lanyard with a quick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. Refer to Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard. (Ex.: Miller MiniLite® Fall Limiter.)

Free fall:
the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall.

Free fall distance:
the vertical distance between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur.

Friction Buckle:
an integral connector whereby the webbing passes over the knurled bar and back down between the knurled bar and frame to adjust and tighten webbing straps.

Full-Body Harness:
(See Body Harness.)

Guardrail system (railing or guard rail):
a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.

Hole:
a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.

Infeasible:
it is impossible to perform the construction work using a conventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system) or that it is technologically impossible to use any one of these systems to provide fall protection.

Lanyard:
a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.

Lanyard:
a flexible line of rope, wire rope/cable, or webbing which generally has a connector at each end for securing a body belt or body harness to a lifeline, deceleration device or anchorage.

Lanyard Ring:
a component of a body harness that allows the user to attach a lanyard when not in use so that it is not hanging freely.

Leading edge:
the edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as the deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an "unprotected side and edge" during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction.

Lifeline:
a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.

Lifeline:
a line provided for direct or indirect attachment to a body belt, body harness, lanyard, or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application.

Low-slope roof:
a roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Lower Level:
an area or surface to which a person can fall.

Lower levels:
those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof.

Maximum Arrest Force:
the peak force on the body during arrest of a fall by the fall arrest system. Also known as Peak Fall Arrest Force.

Mating Buckle:
an integral connector whereby a center bar is pushed through a square link. Webbing is then tightened for proper fit.

Opening:
a gap or void 30 inches (76 cm) or more high and 18 inches (48 cm) or more wide, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level.

Orthostatic Intolerance:
Refer to Suspension Trauma.

Personal fall arrest system:
a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.

Personal Fall Arrest System:
an arrangement of components that together will arrest a person in a fall from a working level. It typically consists of an anchorage, connecting device and body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline or a combination of these.

Personal Fall Limiter (PFL):
a self-retracting lanyard with a quick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. In addition, a PFL offers versatility through dual operation by either attaching directly to the harness back D-ring for use as a personal fall limiter, or can be used as a traditional retractable lifeline.

Positioning device system:
a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning.

Qualified person:
as defined by OSHA 29 CFR 1926.32 (m) someone who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, work, or the project.

Quick-Connect Buckle:
for leg and chest harness straps that interlock similar to a seat belt for easy use and features a dual-tab release mechanism to prevent accidental opening.

Retractable Lifeline:
See Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard.

Rollout:
a process by which a snap hook, carabiner or similar device unintentionally disengages from another component to which it is attached.

Rope Grab:
a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically engages the lifeline and locks to arrest a fall.

Rope grab:
a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both.

Roof:
the exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork which, because a building has not been completed, temporarily become the top surface of a building.

Roofing work:
hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including the construction of the roof deck.

Safety-monitoring system:
a safety system in which a competent person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards. (See competent person, above)

Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard:
a deceleration device containing a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.

Shock Absorber:
a component of a personal fall arrest system which allows dissipation of energy by extending deceleration distance reducing fall arrest forces.

Shock-Absorbing Lanyard:
specially-designed lanyard that elongates during a fall to significantly reduce fall arresting forces.

Snaphook:
a connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.

Snap Hook:
a connector with a hook-shaped member, keeper, latch or other similar arrangement which may be opened to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.

Locking Snap Hook:
a snap hook that includes a locking mechanism which will keep the hook closed and locked until manually unlocked and opened.

Steep roof:
a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Strap – a length of webbing.

Stretchable Harness:
a full-body harness that is more comfortable to wear because the webbing is a blend of nylon, polyester, and a specially-formulated elastomer that stretches. Includes provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline or deceleration device.

Sub-Pelvic Strap:
a full-body harness strap, which passes under the buttocks without passing through the crotch, that is designed to transmit forces applied during fall arrest or post-fall suspension to the sub-pelvic part of the body.

Suspension Trauma (Orthostatic Intolerance):
when a person falls and remains both vertical and sedentary for a period of time, blood pools in the veins of the legs, which could result in unconsciousness. If a person is not rescued quickly, permanent damage and possibly death may result. (Miller Relief Step Safety Device relieves suspension trauma.)

Tie-Back Lanyard:
a flexible line of heavy-duty, abrasion-resistant webbing designed to be used as the connecting device and anchorage connector with a specially-engineered snap hook able to withstand 5,000 lbs. (22kN)

Toeboard:
a low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel.

Tongue Buckle:
an integral connector similar to a standard belt buckle whereby a webbing strap is inserted through the buckle placing the buckle tongue through the appropriate grommet hole. Also known as a Grommet Buckle.

Total Fall Clearance Distance:
the maximum vertical distance that a worker could potentially fall and still avoid contact with a lower level.

Total Fall Distance:
the maximum vertical distance between the full-body harness attachment point and the lowest extremity of the body before and after the fall is arrested including lanyard extension and/or deceleration distance.

Unprotected sides and edges:
any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high.

Walking/working surface:
any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties.

Warning line system:
a barrier erected on a roof to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, and which designates an area in which roofing work may take place without the use of guardrail, body belt, or safety net systems to protect employees in the area.

Work area:
that portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed.

ELECTRIC CHAIN HOIST TERMS / GLOSSARY

2009-06-18T08:02:00.000-07:00

below-the-hook lifting devices
Devices that are not normally reeved onto the hoist chain, such as hook-on buckets, magnets, grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.

block loads
An action that facilitates the removal of slings or other lifting devices from under the load, accomplished by bringing the load to rest on wood, metal, or other spacers between the floor and load.

brake
A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

brake, holding
A friction brake for a hoist that is automatically applied and prevents motion when power to the brake is de-energized.

chain, hand
The chain grasped by a person to apply force required for the lifting or lowering motion.

chain, welded link
A chain consisting of a series of interwoven links formed and welded.

designated person
A person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as
being competent to perform specific duties.

hand chain wheel
See wheel, hand chain.

hoist
A machinery unit that is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load.

lifting devices
Devices that are not normally reeved onto the hoist chain, such as hook-on buckets,
magnets, grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.

limit device
A device that is operated by some part or motion of power driven hoist to limit motion.

limit device, primary upper
See primary upper- limit device.

load
The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

load, rated
The maximum load for which a hoist is designated by the manufacturer or a qualified person.

load block
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame
suspended by the hoisting load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting load chain.

load chain
See chain, load.

load suspension parts
The load suspension parts of the hoist are the means of suspension (hook or
lug), the structure or housing which supports the load sprocket, the load sprocket, the load chain, the sprockets, and the load block or hook.

normal operating conditions
Conditions during which a hoist is performing functions within the scope
of the original design.

overload
Any load greater than the rated load.

parts (lines or falls)
Number of lines chain supporting the load block or hook.

pendant station
Controls suspended from the hoist for operating the unit from the floor.

primary upper-limit device
The primary upper-limit device is the first limit device that will be activated to control the upper limit of travel of the load block when a hoist is equipped with more than one upper-limit device.

qualified person
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field or a
certificate of professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work

rated load
See load, rated.

reeving
A system in which chain travels around sprockets.

side pull
The component of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

slack fall stop
A device used to prevent the slack end of load chain from inadvertently being lowered out of the load sprocket.

sprocket, load
A hoist component that transmits motion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel.

switch
A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric or pneumatic circuit (valve).

trolley
A machine unit that travels on a monorail track or crane bridge girder.

trolley hoist
A hoist and trolley unit consisting of a hoist suspended from or mounted to a trolley, or a hoist with an integral trolley.

welded link chain
See chain, welded link.

wheel, hand chain
A wheel with formed pockets on its periphery to allow torque to be transmitted when a
force is applied to the hand chain.

Rack and Pinion / Heugel met Rondsel / Cremalheira e Pinhão

2009-06-18T07:44:00.000-07:00

(EN) rack and pinion
(NL) heugel met rondsel, heugel en tandwiel
(PT) cremalheira e pinhão

A rack and pinion is a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages teeth on a flat bar - the rack. Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel. For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railcar engages a rack between the rails and pulls a train along a steep slope.

Ship to Shore Crane - Portêiner - Portainer

2009-05-25T06:52:00.000-07:00

(EN) Ship To Shore crane (STS crane) - Portainer - Container Crane
(PT) Guindaste STS - Portêiner - Guindaste p. Contêiner
(NL) Ship to Shore Kraan (STS Kraan) - Portainer - Container Kraan

Hoist Standards in Europe, guidelines.

2009-05-25T06:03:00.000-07:00

Traditionally, European countries have maintained national standards in reference to a large number of industrial products,
e.g. DIN (Germany), BSI (United Kingdom). In addition the FEM (Federation Europeenne de la Manutention) has published standards specifically for material handling and lifting equipment.
With the creation of the European Union, organizations for standardization were established at different levels of regulatory authority covering numerous product areas. The highest regulatory level is a European Standards Commission.
Its regulations are absolute and regulatory, focusing primarily on worker safety and protection from occupational hazards.

There are three main regulations:
• Machinery Regulation (including Lifting and Material Handling Equipment)
• Low Voltage Electricity Regulation
• EMV – Electro-magnetic Compatibility Regulation

At the next level are CEN (mechanical) and CENELEC (electrical) Standards. They are more detailed and product oriented than the regulations. Per definition, the publications of CEN and CENELEC are “Standards”, non-regulatory guidelines, reflecting state of the art design and construction practices. They are based on the highest level of probability that equipment, designed to these standards will be safe and functional. They do not preclude deviations or “product improvement based on technological progress”.

The goal of the CEN & CENELEC Committees is to harmonize the new, European norms with existing country-specific norms. The committees responsible for generating new standards include workgroups and sub-committees, which are comprised of representatives of related industries, academia and engineering research, as well as legal counsel. When a new CEN/CENELEC standard is introduced and “HARMONIZED” (language, legal, etc.) national norms (DIN (Germany), BS (England), AFNOR (France),
AENOR (Spain), etc) lose validity.

CEN/CENELEC and ISO maintain communication between their committees working on related subjects. FEM is an Industry Association of Material Handling Manufacturers,
similar in nature and function to MHIA Product Councils (HMI, CMAA, MMA, etc.). FEM specifications are not regulatory, yet they are widely accepted in the international arena, and usually referred to in the absence of national standards.

Following is a listing of European standards and specifications for hoists and related equipment:

CEN STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN; website www.cenorm.be) for hoists and related material handling equipment:
EN 341 Cranes – Bridge and Gantry Cranes
EN 13135-1 Cranes – Equipment – Part 1:Electrical Equipment
EN 13135-2 Cranes – Equipment – Part 2:Non-electrical Equipment
EN 13157 Cranes – Safety – Hand Powered Cranes
EN 13155 Cranes – Safety – Non-fixed Load Lifting Attachments
EN 13557 Cranes – Controls and Control Stations
EN 14492-1 Cranes – Power Driven Winches and Hoists – Part 1: Power Driven Winches
EN 14492-2 Cranes – Cranes – Power Driven Winches and Hoists – Part 2: Power Driven Hoists
EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery; Electrical Equipment of Machines; Requirements for Hoisting Machines.

FEM STANDARDS
The Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (FEM; website www.fem-eur.com) publishes many standards for hoists and related material handling equipment. Some of the primary ones are:
FEM 1.002 Illustrated Terminology of Heavy Lifting Equipment
FEM 9.811 Rope and Chain Hoists – General Specifications
FEM 9.511 Rules for the Design of Series Lifting Equipment - Classification of Mechanisms
FEM 9.661 Rules for the design of Series Lifting Equipment - Dimensions and Design of Rope Reeving Components
FEM 9.683 Selection of Hoist and Travel Motors
FEM 9.852 Power Driven Series Hoist Mechanisms, Standardized Test Procedure for Verification of the
Classification
FEM 9.755 Measures for Achieving Safe Working Periods for Motorized Serial Hoist Units (S.W.P.)
FEM 9.751 Power Driven Series Hoist Mechanisms, Safety
FEM 9.901 Rules for the Design of Series Lifting Equipment and Cranes Equipped with Series Lifting Equipment

DIN STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN; website www.din.de) for application, design, maintenance and safety aspects of hoist and related equipment. (DIN EN indicates harmonized standard):
DIN EN 14492-2 Cranes – Power Driven Hoists
DIN EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery; Electrical Equipment of Machines; Requirements for Hoisting Machines.
DIN 3051-Sections 1–4 Lifting Ropes; Steel Wires
DIN 15017 Cranes & Hoists; Principles of Motor and Gear Sizing
DIN 15020- Sections 1–2 Hoists; Principles of Rope Reeving
DIN 15061- Sections 1–2 Cranes & Hoists; Grooves for Rope Sheaves & Drums
DIN 15100 Serial Lifting Equipment; Nomenclature
DIN 15400 through DIN 15414 Detailed Aspects of Load Hooks and Bottom Block Construction

BSI STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by British Standards (BSI website www.bsi-global.com) for hoists and related material handling equipment. (BS EN indicates harmonized standard):
BS EN 292 Safety of Machinery
BS EN 14492-2 Cranes – Power Driven Hoists
BS EN 60034-1 Rotating Electrical Machines: Rating and performance
BS EN 60034-5 Types of Enclosures for Rotating Electrical Machines
BS EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 32: Requirements for Hoisting Machines

Wire Rope Glossary - English Terms

2009-05-22T04:49:00.000-07:00

ABRASION
Frictional surface wear on the wires of a wire rope.

ACCELERATION STRESS
The additional stress that is imposed on a wire rope as a result of an increase in the load velocity.

AGGREGATE STRENGTH
The strength derived by totalling the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the strand or rope. This strength does not recognize the reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the elements in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.

AIRCRAFT CABLES
Strands, cords and wire ropes made of special-strength wire, designed primarily for use in various aircraft industry applications.

ALTERNATE LAY
Lay of a wire rope in which the strands are alternately regular and Lang Lay.

AREA, METALLIC
Sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.

ARMORED ROPE
Rope with individual strands spirally wrapped with flat steel wire.

BACK-STAY
Guy used to support a boom or mast; or that section of a main cable, as on a suspension bridge, cableway, etc., leading from the tower to the anchorage.

BAIL
a) U-shaped member of a bucket, or
b) U-shaped portion of a socket or other fitting used on wire rope.

BASKET OF SOCKET
The conical portion of a socket into which a broomed-rope-end is inserted and then secured.

BECKET
An end attachment to facilitate wire rope installation.

BECKET LOOP
A loop of small rope or strand fastened to the end of a larger wire rope. Its function is to facilitate wire rope installation.

BENDING STRESS
Stress that is imposed on the wires of a strand or rope by a bending or curving action.

BIRDCAGE
A colloquialism descriptive of the appearance of a wire rope forced into compression. The outer strands form a cage and, at times, displace the core.

BLOCK
A term applied to a wire rope sheave (pulley) enclosed in side plates and fitted with some attachment such as a hook or shackle.

BOOM HOIST LINE
Wire rope that operates the boom hoist system of derricks, cranes, draglines, shovels, etc.

BOOM PENDANTS
A non-operating rope or strand with end termination to support the boom.

BREAKING STRENGTH
Breaking Strength is the ultimate load at which a tensile failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested. (Note: The term breaking strength is synonymous with actual strength.) Minimum Acceptance Strength is that strength which is 2-1/2% lower than the catalog or nominal strength. This tolerance is used to offset variables that occur during a sample preparation and actual physical test of a wire rope. Nominal Strength is the published (catalog) strength calculated by a standard procedure that is accepted by the wire rope industry. The wire rope manufacturer designs wire rope to this strength, and the user should consider this strength when making design calculations.

BRIDGE CABLE
(Structural Rope or Strand) The all-metallic wire rope or strand used as the catenary and suspenders on a suspension bridge.

BRIDGE SOCKET
A wire rope or strand end termination made of forged or cast steel that is designed with baskets-having adjustable bolts-for securing rope ends. There are two styles: 1) the closed type has a U-bolt with or without a bearing block in the U of the bolt, and 2) the open type has two eye-bolts and a pin.

BRIDLE SLING
A two-part wire rope sling attached to a single-part line. The legs of the sling are spread to divide and equalize the load.

BRIGHT ROPE
Wire rope fabricated from wires that are not coated.

BRONZE ROPES
Wire rope made of bronze wires.

BUTTON CONVETOR ROPE
Wire ropes to which buttons or discs are attached at regular intervals to move material in a trough.

CABLE
A term loosely applied to wire rope, wire strand and electrical conductors.

CABLE-LAID WIRE ROPE
A type of wire rope consisting of several wire ropes laid into a single wire rope (e.g., 6x42 (6x6x7) tiller rope).

CABLE TOOL DRILLING LINE
The wire rope used to operate the cutting tools in the cable tool drilling method (i.e., rope drilling).

CENTER
The axial member of a strand about which the wires are laid.

CHOKER ROPE
A short wire rope sling that forms a slip noose around an object that is to be moved or lifted.

CLASSIFICATION
Group, or family designation based on wire rope constructions with common strengths and weights listed under the broad designation.

CLEVIS
A “U” shaped fitting with a pin.

CLIP
Fitting for clamping two parts of wire rope to each other.

CLOSED SOCKET
A wire rope end termination consisting of basket and bail made integral.

CLOSER
A machine that lays strands around a core to form rope.

CLOSING LINE
Wire rope that performs two functions: 1) closes a clamshell or orange peel bucket, and 2) operates as a hoisting rope.

COIL
Circular bundle or package of wire rope that is not affixed to a reel.

COME-ALONG
Device for making a temporary grip on a wire rope.

COMMON STRAND
Galvanized strand made of galvanized iron wire whose grade is common iron.

CONICAL DRUM
Grooved hoisting drum of tapering diameter.

CONSTRUCTION
Geometric design description of the wire rope's cross section. This includes the number of STRANDS, the number of WIRES per strand and the pattern of wire arrangement in each STRAND.

CONSTRUCTIONAL STRETCH
The stretch that occurs when the rope is loaded-it is due to the helically laid wires and strands creating a constricting action that compresses the core and generally brings all of the rope's elements into close contact.

CONTINUOUS BEND
Reeving of wire rope over sheaves and drums so that it bends in the same direction, as opposed to reverse bend.

CORD
Term applied to small sizes of wire ropes.

CORE
The axial member of a wire rope about which the strands are laid.

CORING LINE
Wire rope used to operate the coring tool for taking core samples during the drilling of a well.

CORROSION
Chemical decomposition of the wires in a rope through the action of moisture, acids, alkalines or other destructive agents.

CORROSION-RESISTING STEEL
Chrome-nickel steel alloys designed for increased resistance to corrosion.

CORRUGATED
Term used to describe the grooves of a SHEAVE or DRUM after these have been worn down to a point where they show an impression of a wire rope.

CREEP
The unique movement of a wire rope with respect to a drum surface or sheave surface resulting from the asymmetrical load between one side of the sheave (drum) and the other. It is not dissimilar to the action of a caterpillar moving over a flat surface. It should be distinguished from slip which is yet another type of relative movement between rope and the sheave or drum surface.

CRITICAL DIAMETER
Diameter of the smallest bend for a given wire rope which permits the wires and strands to adjust themselves by relative movement while remaining in their normal position.

CROWD ROPE
A wire rope used to drive or force a power shovel bucket into the material that is to be handled.

CYLINDRICAL DRUM
Hoisting drum of uniform diameter.

DEAD-LINE
In drilling, it is the end of the rotary drilling line fastened to the anchor or dead-line clamp.

DECELERATION STRESS
The additional stress that is imposed on a wire rope as a result of a decrease in the load velocity.

DESIGN FACTOR
In a wire rope, it is the ratio of the nominal strength to the total working load.

DIAMETER
A line segment which passes through the center of a circle and whose end points lie on the circle. As related to wire rope it would be the diameter of a circle which circumscribes the wire rope.

DOG-LEG
Permanent bend or kink, in a wire rope, caused by improper use or handling.

DRAGLINE
a) Wire rope used for pulling excavating or drag buckets, and
b) name applied to a specific type of excavator.

DRUM
A cylindrical flanged barrel, either of uniform or tapering diameter, on which rope is wound either for operation or storage; its surface may be smooth or grooved.

EFFICIENCY
Ratio of a wire rope's actual breaking strength and the aggregate strength of all individual wires tested separately-usually expressed as a percentage.

ELASTIC LIMIT
Stress limit above which permanent deformation will take place within the material.

END PREPARATION
The treatment of the end of a length of wire rope designed primarily as an aid for pulling the rope through a reeving system or tight drum opening. Unlike END TERMINATIONS, these are not designed for use as a method for making a permanent connection.

END TERMINATION
The treatment at the end or ends of a length of wire rope, usually made by forming an eye or attaching a fitting and designed to be the permanent end termination on the wire rope that connects it to the load.

ENDLESS ROPE
Rope with ends spliced together to form a single continuous loop.

EQUALIZING SHEAVE
The sheave at the center of a rope system over which no rope movement occurs other than equalizing movement. It is frequently overlooked during crane inspections, with disastrous consequences. It can be a source of severe degradation.

EQUALIZING THIMBLE
Special type of fitting used as a component part of some wire rope slings.

EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW, STEEL ROPE
A specific wire rope grade.

EXTRA HIGH STRENGTH STRAND
A grade of galvanized or bright strand.

EYE OR EYE SPLICE
A loop, with or without a thimble, formed at the end of a wire rope.

FACTOR OF SAFETY
In the wire rope industry, this term was originally used to express the ratio of nominal strength to the total working load. The term is no longer used since it implies a permanent existence for this ratio when, in actuality, the rope strength begins to reduce the moment it is placed in service. See DESIGN FACTOR.

FATIGUE
As applied to wire rope, the term usually refers to the process of progressive fracture resulting from the bending of individual wires. These fractures may and usually do occur at bending stresses well below the ultimate strength of the material; it is not an abnormality although it may be accelerated due to conditions in the rope such as rust or lack of lubrication.

FIBER CENTER
Cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic fiber used as the axial member of a strand.

FIBER CORE
Cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic fiber used as the axial member of a rope.

FILLER WIRE
Small spacer wires within a strand which help position and support other wires. Also the name for the type of strand pattern utilizing filler wires.

FITTING
Any functional accessory attached to a wire rope.

FLAT ROPE Wire rope that is made of a series of parallel, alternating right-lay and left-lay ropes, sewn together with relatively soft wires.

FLATTENED STRAND ROPE
Wire rope that is made either of oval or triangular shaped strands in order to form a flattened rope surface.

FLEET ANGLE
That angle between the rope's position at the extreme end wrap on a drum, and a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the drum through the center of the nearest fixed sheave. See DRUM and SHEAVE.

FLEMISH EYE SPLICE
In the standard flemish eye mechanical splice, rope is separated into two parts - 3 adjacent strands, and 3 adjacent strands and core. These two parts are then re-laid back in opposite directions to form an eye, and ends are secured with a pressed metal sleeve.

GALVANIZED
Zinc coating for corrosion resistance.

GALVANIZED ROPE
Rope made of galvanized wire.

GALVANIZED STRAND
Strand made of galvanized wire.

GALVANIZED WIRE
Wire coated with zinc.

GRADE
Wire rope or strand classification by strength and/or type of material, i.e., Improved Plow Steel, Type 302 Stainless, Phosphor Bronze, etc. It does not imply a strength of the basic wire used to meet the rope's nominal strength.

GRADES, ROPE
Classification of wire rope by the wire's metallic composition and the rope's nominal strength.

GROMMET
An endless circle or ring fabricated from one continuous length of strand or rope.

Grommets are a unique type of sling which form a continuous loop. The splice area should not come into contact with the load or the lifting device.

GROOVED DRUM
Drum with a grooved surface that accommodates the rope &/or wire rope and guides it for proper winding.

GROOVES
Depressions-helical or parallel-in the surface of a sheave or drum that are shaped to position and support the rope.

GUARD RAIL CABLE
A galvanizad wire rope or strand erected along a highway.

GUY LINE
Strand or rope, usually galvanized, for stabilizing or maintaining a structure in fixed position.

HAULAGE ROPE
Wire Rope used for pulling movable devices such as cars that roll on a track.

HAWSER
Wire rope, usually galvanized, used for towing or mooring marine vessels.

HIGH STRENGTH STRAND
Grade of galvanized or bright strand.

HOLDING LINE
Wire rope on a clamshell or orange peel bucket that suspends the bucket while the closing line is released to dump its load.

IDLER
Sheave or roller used to guide or support a rope.

IMPROVED PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC)
A wire rope used as the axial member of a larger wire rope.

INNER WIRES
All wires of a strand except the outer or cover wires.

INTERNALLY LUBRICATED
Wire rope or strand having all of its wire components coated with lubricants.

IRON ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

IWRC
Independent Wire Rope Core.

KINK
A unique deformation of a wire rope caused by a loop of rope being pulled down tight. It represents irreparable damage to and an indeterminate loss of strength in the rope.

Sharp bend in a wire rope that permanently distorts the wires and strands.

LAGGING
a) External wood covering on a reel to protect the wire rope or strand, or
b) the grooved shell of a drum.

LAY
a)The manner in which the wires in a strand or the strands in a rope are helically laid, or
b) the distance measured parallel to the axis of the rope (or strand) in which a strand (or wire) makes one complete helical convolution about the core (or center). In this connection, lay is also referred to as LAY LENGTH or PITCH.

LAY TYPES

Right Lay: The direction of strand or wire helix corresponding to that of a right hand screw thread.

Left Lay: The direction of strand or wire helix corresponding to that of a left hand screw thread.

Cross Lay: Rope or strand in which one or more operations are performed in opposite directions. A multiple operation product is described according to the direction of the outside layer.

Regular Lay: The type of rope wherein the lay of the wires in the strand is in the opposite direction to the lay of the strand in the rope. The crowns of the wires appear to be parallel to the axis of the rope.

Lang Lay: The type of rope in which the lay of the wires in the strand is in the same direction as the lay of the strand in the rope. The crowns of the wires appear to be at an angle to the axis of the rope.

Alternate Lay: Lay of a wire rope in which the strands are alternately regular and lang lay.

Alberts Lay: An old, rarely used term for lang lay.
Reverse Lay: Another term for alternate lay.
Spring Lay: This is not definable as a unique lay; more properly, it refers to a specific wire rope construction.

LEAD LINE
That part of a rope tackle leading from the first, or fast, sheave to the drum.

LINE
Synonymous term for WIRE ROPE.

LOCKED COIL STRAND
Smooth-surfaced strand ordinarily constructed of shaped, outer wires arranged in concentric layers around a center of round wires.

LOOP
A 360° change of direction in the course of a wire rope which when pulled down tight will result in a kink.

MARLINE SPIKE
Tapered steel pin used in splicing wire rope.

MARTENSITE
A brittle micro-constituent of steel formed when the steel is heated above its critical temperature and rapidly quenched. This occurs in wire rope as a result of frictional heating and the mass cooling effect of the cold metal beneath. Martensite cracks very easily, and such cracks can propagate from the surface through the entire wire.

MILD PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

MILKING
Sometimes called IRONING, it is the progressive movement of strands along the axis of the rope, resulting from the rope's movement through a restricted passage such as a tight sheave.

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Mathematical quantity expressing the ratio, within the elastic limit, between a definite range of unit stress on a wire rope and the corresponding unit elongation.

MOORING LINES
Galvanized wire rope, usually 6x12, 6x24, or 6x37 class for holding ships to dock.

NON-PREFORMED
Rope or strand that is not preformed. See PREFORMED STRANDS and PREFORMED ROPE.

NON-ROTATING WIRE ROPE
Term, now abandoned, referring to 19 x 7 or 18 x 7 rope.

NON-SPINNING WIRE ROPE
See ROTATION RESISTANT ROPE.

OPEN SOCKET
A wire rope fitting that consists of a basket and two ears with a pin. See FITTING.

OUTER WIRES
Outer layer of wires.

PEENING
Permanent distortion resulting from cold plastic metal deformation of the outer wires. Usually caused by pounding against a sheave or machine member, or by heavy operating pressure between rope and sheave, rope and drum, or rope and adjacent wrap of rope.

PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

PREECE TEST
A recognized standard of testing the galvanized coating on a wire.

PREFORMED STRANDS
Strand in which the wires are permanently formed during fabrication into the helical shape they will assume in the strand.

PREFORMED WIRE ROPE
Wire rope in which the strands are permanently formed during fabrication into the helical shape they will assume in the wire rope.

PRESTRESSING
An incorrect reference to PRESTRETCHING.

PRESTRETCHING
Subjecting a wire rope or strand to tension prior to its intended application, for an extent and over a period of time sufficient to remove most of the CONSTRUCTIONAL STRETCH.

Stressing a wire rope or strand before use under such a tension and for such a time that the constructional stretch is largely removed.

PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
As used in the rope industry, this term has virtually the same meaning as ELASTIC LIMIT. It is the end of the load versus elongation relationship at which an increase in load no longer produces a proportional increase in elongation and from which point recovery to the rope's original length is unlikely.

RATED CAPACITY
The load which a new wire rope or wire rope sling may handle under given operating conditions and at an assumed DESIGN FACTOR.

REEL
A flanged spool on which wire rope or strand is wound for storage or shipment.

REEVE
To pass a rope through a hole or around a system of sheaves.

RESERVE STRENGTH
The strength of a rope exclusive of the outer wires.
=>https://www.hanessupply.com/glossary.asp

Strength represented by the inner wires of a wire rope.
=>http://www.cableworksriggingco.com/glos.htm

REVERSE BEND
Reeving a wire rope over sheaves and drums so that it bends in opposing directions.

ROLLERS
Relatively small-diameter cylinders, or wide-faced sheaves, that serve as support for ropes.

ROTARY LINE
On a rotary drilling rig, it is the wire rope used for raising and lowering the drill pipe, as well as for controlling its position.

ROTATION-RESISTANT ROPE
A wire rope consisting of an inner layer of strand laid in one direction covered by a layer of strand laid in the opposite direction. This has the effect of counteracting torque by reducing the tendency of finished rope to rotate.

ROUND-WIRE TRACK STRAND
Strand composed of concentric layers of round WIRES, used as TRACK CABLE.

SAFETY FACTOR
See DESIGN FACTOR.

SAFE WORKING LOAD
This term is potentially misleading and is, therefore, in disfavor. Essentially, it refers to that portion of the nominal rope strength that can be applied either to move or sustain a load. It is misleading because it is only valid when the rope is new and equipment is in good condition. See RATED CAPACITY.

SAND LINE
In well drilling, it is the wire rope that operates the bailer that removes water and drill cuttings.

SEALE
The name for a type of strand pattern that has two adjacent layers laid in one operation with any number of uniform sized wires in the outer layer, and with the same number of uniform but smaller sized wires in the inner layer.

SEIZE
To make a secure binding at the end of a wire rope or strand with SEIZING WIRE or SEIZING STRAND.

SEIZING STRAND
Small strand usuall of 7 wires made of soft annealed wire.

SEIZING WIRE
Soft annealed wire.

SERVE
To cover the surface of a wire rope or strand with a fiber cord or wire wrapping.

SHACKLE
A “U” or anchor-shaped fitting with pin.

SHEAVE
A grooved pulley for wire rope.

SLING, WIRE ROPE
An assembly fabricated from WIRE ROPE which connects the load to the lifting device.

SLING, BRAIDED
A flexible sling, the body of which is made up of two or more WIRE ROPES braided together. See SLINGS.

SMOOTH-FACED DRUM
Drum with a plain, ungrooved surface. See DRUM.

SOCKET
Generic name for a type of wire rope fitting.

SPIN RESISTANT
An abandoned term referring to a ROTATION-RESISTANT rope of the 8 x 19 classification.

SPIRAL GROOVE
A continuous helical groove that follows a path on and around a drum face, similar to a screw thread. See DRUM.

SPLICING
Making a loop or eye in the end of a rope by tucking the ends of the strands back into the main body of the rope.
Formation of loops or eyes in a rope by means of mechanical attachments pressed onto the rope.
Joining of two rope ends so as to form a long or short splice in two pieces of rope.

STAINLESS STEEL ROPE
Wire rope made up of corrosion resistant steel wires.

STEEL CLAD ROPE
Rope with individual strands spirally wrapped with flat steel wire.

STONE SAWING STRAND
A plurality of round or shaped wires helically laid about an axis.

STRAND
Usually a 3-wire strand used in quarrying stone or slate.

STRANDER
A machine that lays wires together helically to form a strand.

STRESS
The force or resistance within any solid body against alteration of form; in the case of a solid wire it would be the load on the rope divided by the cross-section area of the wire.

STRETCH
The elongation of a wire rope under load.

SWAGED FITTING
Fitting into which wire rope can be inserted and then permanently attached by cold pressing (swaging) the shank that encloses the rope.

TAG LINE
A small wire rope used to prevent rotation of a load.

TAPERING & WELDING
Reducing the diameter of the end of a wire rope and welding it to facilitate reeving.

THIMBLE
Grooved metal fitting to protect the eye, or fastening loop of a wire rope.

TILLER ROPE CABLE
A very flexible operating rope, commonly made by laying six 6x7 ropes around a fiber core resulting in a 6x42 construction. As well as, a 3/32 inch 7x7 galvanized cable coated to an outside diameter of 3/16 inch with vinyl or nylon.

TINNED WIRE
Wire coated with tin.

TRACK CABLE
On an aerial system it is the suspended wire rope or strand along which the carriers move.

TRACTION ROPE
On an aerial conveyor or haulage system it is the wire rope that propels the carriages.

TRACTION STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

TRAMWAY
An aerial conveying system for transporting multiple loads.

TURN
Synonymous with the term WRAP; it signifies a single wrap around a drum.

TURNBUCKLE
Device attached to wire rope for making limited adjustments in length. It consists of a barrel and right and left hand thread bolts.

WARRINGTON
The name for a type of strand pattern that is characterized by having one of its wire layers (usually the outer) made up of an arrangement of alternately large and small wires.

WEDGE SOCKET
Wire rope fittings wherein the rope end is secured by a wedge.

WIRE (ROUND)
A single, continuous length of metal, with a circular cross-section that is cold-drawn from rod.

WIRE ROPE
A plurality of wire strands helically laid about an axis.

WIRE STRAND CORE (WSC)
A wire strand used as the axial member of a wire rope.

OVERHEAD CRANE GLOSSARY - english terminology

2009-05-11T17:56:00.000-07:00

GUIDE TO OVERHEAD CRANES:

This information is intended to give a general understanding of the terminology used in the overhead crane industry.

CRANE COMPONENTS

Bridge
The main travelling structure of the crane which spans the width of the bay. The bridge consists of two end carriages and one or two bridge girders depending on the Equipment type.

End Carriages
Located on either side of the span, the end carriages house the wheels on which the entire crane travels. These wheels ride on the gantry beam allowing access to the entire length of the bay.

Bridge Girder(s)
The principal horizontal beam of the Crane Bridge which supports the trolley and is supported by the end carriages.

Trolley Hoist
The unit consisting of both the hoist and the trolley frame. In situations where more than one hoist is required on one crane, hoists can be supplied on a single trolley or on separate trolleys.

Trolley
The trolley carries the hoist across the bay along the bridge girder(s) traversing the span.

Hoist
The hoist is mounted to the trolley and performs the actual lifting function via a hook or lifting attachment. There are two basic types of Hoist. The first is the Wire Rope Hoist which is very durable and will provide hoist long term, reliable usage. The other type of hoist is the Chain Hoist. These Hoists are used for lower capacity, lighter duty applications and for projects in which cost is a primary deciding factor.

BASIC TERMINOLOGY

Capacity /SWL
The maximum weight the crane will be required to lift.

Span
The horizontal distance between the rails of the runway or crane is to travel.

Height of Lift
The required distance from the floor to the crane hook. This dimension is critical in most applications as it determines the height of the Gantry from the floor and is dependent on the clear inside height of the building.

Bridge, Trolley and Lift Speeds
The rate at which the bridge or trolley travels, or at which the hoist lifts, usually in metres per minute or mpm. You may specify either single speed or two speed travel/lift or a specific rate of speed, (i.e 32 & 8 mpm bridge travel). Another option as far as motion speeds are concerned is a variable frequency drive. See the Control Section for more information.

EQUIPMENT TYPES

This section specifies the kind of equipment you require. Overhead Cranes come in four basic configurations;

Top Running
The Crane bridge travels on top of rails mounted on a Gantry Beam supported by either the building columns or columns specifically engineered for the crane.

Under Running
The Crane Bridge travels on the bottom flange of the runway beam which is usually supported by the roof structure or a Goal Post Structure.

Single Girder
The Crane consists of two end carriages, a single bridge girder and the trolley hoist unit. The trolley runs on the bottom flange of the bridge girder.

Double Girder
The Crane consists of two end carriages, two bridge girders and the trolley hoist unit. The trolley runs on rails on top of the girders. A variation on these types of overhead crane are Goliath cranes. These cranes are essentially the same as the standard overhead cranes, however the bridge girder(s) are connected to “legs” on either side of the span. These “legs” eliminate the supporting Gantry and column system and connect to the end carriages which run on a rail either embedded in, or laid on top of the floor. For some applications only a Trolley Hoist is required. For instance in the case of a monorail system a Trolley Hoist Unit similar to the one used on single girder cranes is mounted on a beam which might be used to service an assembly line within the clients facility. Other clients may have an existing single or double girder crane bridge and may just want to replace the unit. In most of these situations, capacity permitting, we can provide either a wire rope or chain hoist. Another solution which may fit your needs is a Jib Crane. A jib Crane basically consists of a boom which is supported as a cantilever on a column. A Trolley Hoist travels along the boom which can rotate.

CONTROL

Pendant
The Pendant gives the operator precise control over the motions of the crane. There are many configurations of pendant depending on the functions of the equipment being controlled. Each pushbutton on the pendant controls an operating function of the crane. The pendant may be suspended from the Trolley Hoist, requiring the operator to walk with and beside the load, or on a separate sliding track system allowing the operator to move independently of the load.

VFD
A pendant can also be used in conjunction with a variable frequency drive. A VFD is used to vary the frequency of the motors controlling the motions allowing for smooth acceleration and deceleration. The buttons on the pendant operate a VFD unit in much the same way as two speed control. The first step is held to maintain the current speed while the second step is used for acceleration. Deceleration is achieved by releasing the button entirely. Pressing the button back to the first step will maintain the new slower speed. It should be noted that the deceleration is not achieved through uncontrolled coasting but through a programmable dynamic braking system. The control provided by a VFD allows for a high level of customization.

Radio Control
The radio control performs exactly like the pendant but operates using a radio frequency. The radio control incorporates numerous safety features and allows the operator a greater range of operator motion than a pendant. Power Supply – The electrical service available in the building for which the crane is being designed (i.e 415 Volt, 3 phase, 50 Hertz). Enclosures – The enclosures house all the electrical components on the crane and are rated to meet the conditions in the surrounding environment.

GANTRY

The rails, beams and columns on which the crane operates. The rail on which the end carriages run, is fastened to the Gantry Beam. This Beam is then supported on Columns (Top Running) or from the roof structure (Under Running). The existing building columns can be used or new ones can be supplied with the system. New columns can either be completely free standing or tied back to the existing building structure for additional lateral support. When designing a gantry system that is utilizing existing building columns, it is important to provide the centre to centre spacing between the columns. Conductors supply power to the crane and are mounted on the gantry beam.

Crane Glossary - English Terminology

2009-05-11T17:50:00.000-07:00

Abnormal operating conditions
General
Environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a crane, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to adverse weather, corrosive fumes, dust-laden or moisture-laden atmospheres, and hazardous locations. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Access platform
Overhead Crane
A limited length platform, located on the idler girder to access to the endtruck wheels only.

Adjustable or variable voltage
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage can be adjusted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Administrative or regulatory authority
Regulatory
Governmental agency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdiction, the employer. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Ambient temperature
General
The temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Ampacity
Bridge Crane Bridge Crane Electrical
The current carrying capacity expressed in amperes. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Appointed
Regulatory
Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer’s representative. (ASME B30-17)

Authorized
Regulatory
Appointed by a duly constituted administrative or regulatory authority. (ASME B30-17)

Automatic crane
Overhead Crane
A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Automatic dispatch carrier
Monorail
A carrier which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Auxiliary hoist
Hoist
A supplemental hoisting unit, usually designed to handle lighter loads at a higher sped than the main host. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Axle, fixed
Drive
A shaft which is fixed in the end truck and about which the wheel revolves. (WCH)

Axle, rotating
Drive
A shaft which is fixed in the wheel and which rotates on bearings fixed in the end truck. (WCH)

B-10 bearing life
General
The B-lO bearing life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, in hours, of 9O~7o of a group of bearings which are operated at a given speed and loading. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Base or deck mounted (hoist)
Hoist
A type of mounting where the hoist is mounted to the top side of a horizontal supporting surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Battery system (backup)
Below Hook Device
Batteries used to guard against inadvertent load release due to loss of primary power to magnet system. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Beam
Overhead Crane & Hoist
An overhead standard structural or specially fabricated shape on which the trolley operates. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bearing life
General
The L-10 life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, hours, of 90 percent of a group of bearings which are operating-at a given speed and loading. The average expected life of the bearings is approximately five times the L-10 life. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bearing, lifetime lubricated
General
An antifriction bearing which is provided with seals and a high-stability oxidation-resistant grease to permit operation of the bearing without re-lubrication for not less than the specified B-10 life.

Below the hook device

BHN
General
Brinell hardness number, measurement of material hardness. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Block, load
Hoist
The assembly of hook, swivel, bearings, sheaves, pins and frame suspended from the hoisting ropes. In a “short type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on the same member, called the swivel. In a “long type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on separate members. (The supporting member for the sheaves is called the sheave pin and the supporting member for the hook is called the trunnion. (WCH)

Block, upper
Hoist
A fixed assembly of sheaves, bearings, pins and frame, located on the trolley cross members, and which supports the load block and its load by means of the ropes. (WCH)

Bogie
Overhead Crane
A short end truck attached to the end of one girder (or to a connecting member if more than one bogie is used per girder). This type of end truck is used when more than four wheels are required on a crane due to the design of the runway. (WCH)

Bogie, equalizing
Hoist
A short end truck which is flexibly connected to one girder (or connecting member) by means of a pin upon which the truck can oscillate to equalize the loading on the two truck wheels. This construction uses a very rigid end tie between the girders. (WCH)

Bogie, fixed
Overhead Crane
A short end truck which is rigidly connected to one girder. A flexible end tie is used between the girders to permit equalization of the wheel loads by torsional deflection of the girders and flexing of the end tie. (WCH)

Boom (of gantry cranes)
Overhead Crane
An extension of the trolley runway that may be raised or retracted to obtain clearance for gantry travel. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Boom (of overhead cranes)
Overhead Crane
A horizontal member mounted on the trolley to permit hoisting and lowering the load at a point other than directly under the hoist drum or trolley. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Box section
Overhead Crane
The rectangular cross section of girders, trucks or other members enclosed on four sides. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Brake
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Brake, Bridge Crane Control
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by removing energy from the moving body or by imparting energy in the opposite direction. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, countertorque (plugging)
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the power to the motor is reversed to develop torque in the direction opposite to the rotation of the motor using the motor as a generator, with the energy being dissipated by resistance. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, drag
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A friction brake that provides a continuous retarding force having no external Bridge Crane Control. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, dynamic
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by block, load the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel. bearing, sheaves, sprockets. pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting rope or load chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, eddy current
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by means of an Bridge Crane Electrical induction load brake. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, emergency
Overhead Crane
A method of decelerating a drive when power is not available. The braking effort may be established as a result of action by the operator, or automatically when power to the drive is interrupted.(ASME B30-17)

Brake, holding
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A friction brake for a hoist that is automatically applied and prevents motion when power to the brake is off. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Brake, hydraulic
Overhead Crane
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by means of displacement of a liquid. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, mechanical
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by friction. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, mechanical load
Hoist
An automatic type of friction brake used for Bridge Crane Controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor or hand chain wheel to lower a load but does not impose any additional load on the motor or hand chain wheel when lifting a load. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, parking
Overhead Crane
A brake for bridge and trolley that may be automatically or manually applied to impede horizontal motion by restraining wheel rotation. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, pneumatic
Overhead Crane
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or powering a drive or brake by means of compressed gas. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, regenerative
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the motor is fed back into the power system. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, service
Overhead Crane
A brake for bridge or trolley used by the operator, during normal operation, to apply a retarding force. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Branch circuit
Bridge Crane Control
The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Breakaway force
Below Hook Device
The external force that is required to separate the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device from the load when applied perpendicular to the attachment surface. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Bridge
Overhead Crane
That part of an overhead crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, walkway and drive mechanism which carries the trolley and travels in a direction parallel to the runway. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge (crane) travel
Overhead Crane
Crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Bridge conductors
Overhead Crane
The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge crane, top running
Overhead Crane

Bridge Crane, Under running
Overhead Crane

Bridge girder (crane girder)
Overhead Crane
Crane member on which carriers or trolleys travel, horizontally mounted between and supported by the end trucks. Building Structure. The structural members of a building which support the building loads and on which the loads of crane or monorail equipment, and the material to be moved, will be imposed. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge rail
Overhead Crane
The rail supported by the bridge girders on which the trolley travels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge travel
Overhead Crane
The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Bumper (buffer)
Overhead Crane
An energy absorbing device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel, or when two moving cranes or trolleys come into contact. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cab
Overhead Crane
The operator’s compartment on a crane. (ASME B30-17)

Cab Bridge Crane Controlled

Equipment Bridge Crane Controlled from an operator’s cab. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cab, normal
Overhead Crane
Operator’s compartment used for Bridge Crane Controlling a cab-operated crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Cab, skeleton
Overhead Crane
Operator’s compartment used for occasional cab operation of, normally, a floor- or remote-operated crane or carrier. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Cab-operated crane
Overhead Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Camber
Overhead Crane
The slight upward vertical curve given to girders to compensate partially for deflection due to hook load and weight of the Crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cantilever frame
Overhead Crane
A structural member that supports the trolley of a wall crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Capacity
General
The maximum rated load (in tons) which a cranes designed. to handle. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Carrier (also known as trolley)
Hoist
A unit that travels on the bottom flange of a monorail track, jib boom, or bridge girder to transport a load. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Carrier (trolley)
Overhead Crane & Hoist
An assembly with wheels which will run on monorail track or crane girders and which will support a load. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Carrier head
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A 2-wheel assembly used with load bars to form a carrier or end truck. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Ceiling mounted
Hoist
A type of hoist mounting where the hoist is mounted to the underside of a horizontal supporting surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Chain, hand
Hoist
The chain grasped by the operator to apply force required for lifting, lowering, or traveling motions. (ASME B30-17)

Chain, load
Hoist
The load-bearing chain in a hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Chain, roller
Hoist
A series of alternately assembled roller links and pin links in which the pins articulate inside the bushings and the rollers are free to turn on the bushings. Pins and bushings are press fit in their respective link plates. . (ASME B30-16-1993)

Chain, welded link
Hoist
A chain consisting of a series of interwoven links fanned and welded. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Circuit breaker
Bridge Crane Electrical
A device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Clamp
Monorail
A type of suspension fitting used to support tracks from an overhead structure fastened to the structure by means of pressure rather than welding or direct bolting. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Clearance
General
Minimum distance from the extremity of a crane to the nearest obstruction. (CMAA Spec. 70)

CMAA
Overhead Crane
Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (formerly EQOI—Electric Overhead Crane Institute). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cold current
Below hook device
The current drawn by the magnet when its coil is at 680F (200C) and at rated voltage. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Cold current
Below hook device
That current drawn by the magnet when its coil is at 680F (200C) and at rated voltage. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Collector, shoe
Bridge Crane Electrical
The portion of a collector which makes contact by sliding on the conductor bar. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collector, wheel
Bridge Crane Electrical
The portion of a collector which makes contact by rolling on the conductor bar. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collectors
Bridge Crane Electrical
Contacting devices for collecting current from the runway or bridge conductors. The mainline collectors are mounted on the bridge to transmit current from the runway conductors, and the trolley collectors are mounted on the trolley to transmit current from the bridge conductors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Collectors
Bridge Crane Electrical
Electrical contacting devices providing a path for current flow from stationary conductors to moving equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collectors, current
Bridge Crane Electrical
Contacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Conductors, bridge
Overhead Crane
The electrical conductors located along the bridge girder(s) to provide power and Bridge Crane Control circuits to the trolley. (Sometimes incorrectly called trolley conductors). (WCH)

Conductors, enclosed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A bar used to transmit an electrical current, enclosed in a non-conducting material to minimize accidental contact with the conductor. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Conductors, open
Bridge Crane Electrical
A bar used to transmit an electrical current. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Conductors, runway (main)
Bridge Crane Electrical
The electrical conductors located along a crane runway that transmit Bridge Crane Control signals and power to the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Contactor
Bridge Crane Electrical
An electromechanical device for opening and closing an electric power circuit. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Contactor, magnetic
Bridge Crane Control
An electro-magnetic device for opening and closing an electric power circuit. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge Crane Control actuator
Bridge Crane Electrical
A manual means at the operating station by which hoist Bridge Crane Controls are energized. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control braking means
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by removing energy from the moving body or by imparting energy in the opposite direction. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control enclosure
Bridge Crane Electrical
The housing containing the electrical Bridge Crane Control component. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control panel
Bridge Crane Electrical
See Bridge Crane Control enclosure.

Bridge Crane Control voltage.
Bridge Crane Electrical
The voltage impressed on the Bridge Crane Control devices. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, multi-speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system providing more than one speed operation in either direction using multi-speed squirrel cage. motors. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, single speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system providing one speed operation in either direction. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, variable speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system providing more than one speed operation in either direction using wound-rotor motors.

Bridge Crane Controller
Bridge Crane Control
A device for regulating in a pre-determined way the power delivered to the motor or other equipment. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge Crane Controller, manual
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Controller having all of its basic functions performed by devices which are operated by hand. (ASME B30-17)

Bridge Crane Controller, spring return
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Controller that, when released, will return automatically to a neutral (off) positioning, static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that governs the flow of power to or from a motor or other equipment in response to signals from a master switch, push-button station, remote Bridge Crane Control, automatic program Bridge Crane Control, or other similar device. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Countertorque
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by applying a variable motor torque in the direction opposite to the direction that the motor is rotating due to being overhauled by the load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Couplings (splices)

Mechanical devices used to join the adjacent ends of track sections. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cover plate
Overhead Crane
The top or bottom plate of a box girder. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Crane

A machine for lifting, lowering, and moving a load with the hoisting mechanism a part of the machine. Cranes may be traveling, portable, or fixed type.

Traveling Cranes. Cranes that follow a fixed path

Underhung Crane. A traveling crane with a movable bridge running on the lower flanges of an overhead fixed runway structure and carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crane girder
Bridge Crane
See Bridge Girder. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crane service, heavy
Bridge Crane
Service that involves operating at 85 to 100% of rated load or in excess of 10 lift cycles/hr as a regular specified procedure. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane service, normal
Bridge Crane
Service that involves operating at less than 85% of rated load and not more than 10 lift cycles/hr except for isolated instances. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane service, normal
Bridge Crane
That service which involves operation with randomly distributed loads within the rated load limit, or with uniform loads of less than 65% of the rated load, for no more than 15% of the time of a single work shift for manually operated cranes and 25% of the time of a single work shift for electrically or pneumatically powered cranes. (ASME B30-17)

Crane service, severe
Bridge Crane
Service that involves normal or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, automatic
Bridge Crane
A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, cab-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator in a cab attached to the bridge or trolley (refer to Fig. 1). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, cantilever gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry or semigantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides (refer to Fig. 2). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, floor-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane that is Bridge Crane Controlled by a means suspended from the crane, operated by a person on the floor or on an independent platform (refer to Fig. 3) (ASME B30-17)

Crane, gantry
Bridge Crane
A crane similar to an overhead crane, except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway (refer to Fig. 4). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, hot molten material-handling
Bridge Crane
An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, manually operated
Bridge Crane
A crane whose hoist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, or whose travel mechanism is driven in the same manner or by manually moving the load or hook. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, outdoor storage gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry-type crane of long span usually used for storage of bulk material such as ore, coal, or other similar items; the bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or nonrigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends. . (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, overhead
Bridge Crane
A crane with a single or multiple girder movable bridge crane a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, polar
Bridge Crane
An overhead or gantry crane that travels on a circular runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, pulpit-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, remote-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator who is not in a pulpit or in a cab attached to the crane, by any method other than a means suspended from the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, semi-gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by an end truck running on an elevated rail or runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, single-girder
Bridge Crane
A crane having one bridge girder mounted between, and supported from, the end trucks. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Crane, standby
Bridge Crane
A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, wall
Bridge Crane
A crane having a cantilever frame with or without trolley, and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or columns. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Cranes, fixed
Bridge Crane
Cranes which are non-mobile. Derricks and jib cranes are classified as fixed cranes. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cranes, portable
Bridge Crane
Cranes having a revolving superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom mounted on a fully mobile carriage not confined to a fixed path. Crawler, locomotive and truck cranes are classified as portable cranes.

Creep speed
Bridge Crane Control
A very slow, constant, continuous, fixed rate of motion of the hoist, trolley, or bridge: usually established at 1% to 10% of the normal full load speed. (WCH)

Cross shaft
Crane
The shaft extending across the bridge, used to transmit torque from motor to bridge drive wheels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Crossover. (fixed transfer section)
Monorail
A connecting track with an interlock mechanism on both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one bridge to the other. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crosstrack switch
Monarail
A track switch containing one straight section of moving track pivoted in the center which can be rotated to align it with other crossing tracks to allow passage of a carrier through the junction without changing the direction of the carrier motion. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Curves
Monorail
Formed sections of monorail track used to change the horizontal or vertical direction of carrier travel. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cushioned start
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical or mechanical method for reducing the rate of acceleration of a travel motion. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cushioned start
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical or mechanical method for reducing the rate of acceleration of trolley motion. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Dead loads
General
The loads on a structure which remain in a fixed position relative to the structure. On a crane bridge such loads include the girders, footwalk, cross shaft, drive units, panels, etc. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Deflection
Bridge Crane
Displacement due to bending or twisting in a vertical or lateral plane, caused by the imposed live and dead loads. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Designated
Regulatory
Selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as being competent to perform specific duties. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Diaphragm
Bridge Crane
A plate or partition between opposite parts of a member, serving a definite purpose in the structural design of the member. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Disconnecting means
Bridge Crane Electrical
A device, or group of devices, or other means whereby the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their power source. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Double girder crane
Bridge Crane
A .crane having two bridge girders mounted between and supported from the end trucks. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Drift point
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A point on a travel motion master switch or on a manual Bridge Crane Controller that maintains the brake released while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Drive girder
Bridge Crane
The girder on which the bridge drive machinery is mounted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Driving head.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A motordriven carrier head which is supported from and propelled by the load bearing wheels. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Drop section (also known as lift section)
Monorail
A mechanism that will permit a section of track(s) to be lifted or lowered out of alignment with the stationary track(s). (ASME B30.11-1993)

Drum
Hoist
The cylindrical member around which rope is wound for lifting or lowering the load. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Dummy cab
Bridge Crane
An operator’s compartment or platform on a pendant or radio Bridge Crane Controlled crane, having no permanently-mounted electrical Bridge Crane Controls, in which an operator may ride while Bridge Crane Controlling the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Dynamic
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by using the motor as a generator, with the energy being dissipated by resistance. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Dynamic lowering
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the hoist motor is so connected in the lowering direction, that when it is over-hauled by the load, it acts as a generator and forces current either through the resistors or back into the line. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Eddy current
Bridge Crane Control
See eddy current braking

Eddy-current braking
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor drives through an electrical induction load brake. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electric baffle
Bridge Crane Electrical
Conductors that are wired to cut off electric power to approaching motor-driven equipment if track switches, drop sections, and other movable track devices are not properly set for passage of equipment. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Electric overhead traveling crane
Bridge Crane
An electrically operated machine for lifting, lowering and transporting loads, consisting of a movable bridge carrying a fixed or movable hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead runway structure. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electrical braking system
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling crane motor speed when in an overhauling condition, without the use of friction braking. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electrically interlocked
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical device in the starter circuit which prevents a short circuit when opposite Bridge Crane Controls are operated at the same time. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Electrification.
Bridge Crane Electrical
The track mounted conductor system by which the moving equipment receives its electrical power. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Enclosed conductor
Bridge Crane Electrical
A conductor or group of conductors substantially enclosed to prevent accidental contact. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Enclosure
Bridge Crane Electrical
A housing to contain electrical components, usually specified by a NEMA classification number. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End approach
Bridge Crane
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the outermost extremities of the crane and the centerline of the hook. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End stop
Bridge Crane & Runway
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End tie
Bridge Crane
A structural member other than the end truck which connects the ends of the girders to maintain the squareness of the bridge. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End truck
Bridge Crane
An assembly consisting of the frame and wheels which support the crane girder(s) and allow movement along the runway. (ASME B30.11-1993)

End truck loa
Bridge Crane

Equalizer
Hoist
A device which compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope or chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Exposed
Bridge Crane Electrical
Applies to hazardous objects not guarded or isolated (capable of being contacted inadvertently). (ASME B30-17)

Fail-safe
General
A provision designed to automatically stop or safely Bridge Crane Control any motion in which a malfunction occurs. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Field wiring
General
The wiring required after erection of the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Fixed axle
Bridge Crane
An axle which is fixed in the truck and on which the wheel revolves. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Fixed Transfer Section

See Crossover. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Fixed transfer section (also known as crossover)
Monorail
A connecting track with an interlock mechanism on both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one bridge to the other. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Fleet angle
Hoist
The angle formed by the wire rope and the drum groove or sheave groove in the plane which contains the wire rope and is parallel to the drum or sheave axis. (WCH)

Floor Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
Motor propelled units which are Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator on the floor by means of pushbutton station suspended from the overhead equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Foot walk
Bridge Crane
The full length walkway with handrail and toeboards, attached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes. Not to be confused with an access platform (usually a short platform provided only to access endtruck).

Force, breakaway
Below hook device
— the force that must be applied to a magnet to remove it from a piece of ferromagnetic material to which it is magnetically attached. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Fork
Below hook device
A mechanical device for use on interlocking transfer equipment to mechanically prevent passage. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Friction-type pressure gripping lifters
Below hook device
Lifters that grip the load without significant or harmful permanent deformation of the load surface (see Figs. 17 through 21). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Gantry crane
Bridge Crane
A crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Gantry leg
Bridge Crane
The structural member which supports a bridge girder or end tie from the sill. (ASME B30-17)

Gauge
Bridge Crane
The center-to-center distance between the load carrying flanges of the two crane girders of a double girder crane. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Girder, auxiliary (outrigger)
Bridge Crane
An additional girder, either solid or latticed, arranged parallel to the bridge girder(s) for supporting the foot-walk, Bridge Crane Control panels, operator’s cab, etc., to reduce the torsional forces such loads might otherwise impose. (WCH)

Girder, bridge
Bridge Crane
The principal horizontal beam(s) of the crane, which supports the trolley, is supported by the end trucks, and is perpendicular to the runway. (WCH)

Girder, drive (girder “a”)
Bridge Crane
The bridge girder to which the bridge motor and gearcase(s) are attached. For cranes having a drive on each girder, it is the girder to which the Bridge Crane Control panels and/or the cab are attached. (WCH)

Girder, idler (girder “b”)
Bridge Crane
The bridge girder which does not have the bridge drive attached, but which usually carries the bridge conductors. (WCH)

Girder, runway
Bridge Crane
A horizontal beam attached to the building columns or wall, and supporting a runway rail on which the crane travels. (WCH)

Glide switch (sliding switch)
Monorail
A track switch with a movable end frame containing straight and/or curved sections of track. The inner frame can be slid to align these sections of track with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Grip ratio
Below hook device
The ratio of the sum of the horizontal forces on one side of the load to the live weight of the load. For example, if the total horizontal force on one side of the load is 100,000 lb. and the live load is 50,000 lb. the grip ratio is 2. For purposes of this calculation, the weight of the load does not include the weight of the lifter (see Fig. I). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Gripping force
Below hook device
The force the lifting device exerts on the load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Ground fault
Bridge Crane Electrical
An accidental conducting connection between the electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or some conducting body that serves in place of the earth. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Guide, chain
Hoist
A means to guide the load chain at the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Hand chain
Hoist
The chain provided to Bridge Crane Control movement of a hand chain operated trolley. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hanger rod
Monorail
A steel rod which, together with other fittings, is used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Hanger rod.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
Steel rods which, together with other fittings, are used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Hazardous (classified) locations
Regulatory
Locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases. or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Refer to ANSI/NFPA 70.

— Class I locations

— Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures

— Class 2 locations

— Locations that are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust

— Class 3 locations

— Locations that are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitable fibers or filings, but in which such fibers or filings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Headroom
Hoist
Headroom is measured with the load hook at its upper limit of travel and is the distance from the saddle of the load hook to the following locations (see Fig. 1)

— (a) centerline of the suspension holes on lug suspended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (a)];

— (b) saddle of the top hook on hook suspended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (b)];

— (c) bottom of the beam on trolley suspended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (c)];

— (d) supporting surface on base and deck mounted hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (d)];

— (e) uppermost point of hoist on wall and ceiling mounted hoists [see Fig. 1, sketches (e) and (f)]. . (ASME HST-4M-1991)

High temperature service
General
A condition where the surface to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is above 2500F (1200C). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Hoist
Hoist
A suspended machinery unit which is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hoist motion
Hoist
That motion which lifts or lowers a load. (ASME B30-17)

Hoist speed
Hoist
Hoist speed is the rate of motion that the load hook attains while lifting rated load.

Hoist, auxiliary
Hoist
A supplemental hoisting unit, usually of lower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Hoist, main
Hoist
The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load of the crane. (WCH)

Holding brake
Hoist
A friction brake for a hoist which is automatically applied and prevents motion when power is off. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hook approach
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance between the center of the runway rail and the hook. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Hook approach, end
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the centerline of the hook(s) and the face of the wall (or columns) at the end of the building. (WCH)

Hook approach, side
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance, perpendicular to the runway, between the centerline of a hook (main or auxiliary) and the centerline of the runway rail. (WCH)

Hook suspended
Hoist
Suspension of hoist from a trolley or rigid structure by means of a hook(s) at top of hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hook to hook approach
Bridge Crane

Hook; latch type
Hoist
A type of hook with a mechanical device to bridge the throat opening of the hook. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Horizontal lift
Below hook device
A condition where the surface to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is in a horizontal plane. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Idler sheave
Hoist
A sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of a rope. Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Impact allowance
Bridge Crane
See Impact Factor.

Impact factor
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Additional hook load assumed to result from the dynamic effect of the live load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Inch (inching)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
See “jog”. Often used incorrectly to refer to “creep speed”. (WCH)

Indentation-type pressure gripping lifters
Below hook device
Lifters that carry the load by applying force to indent the sides of the load (see Figs. 15 and 16). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Indicator, internal Bridge Crane Control function
Below hook device
An indicator which shows that the permanent magnet material in one type of electrically Bridge Crane Controlled permanent magnet has been positioned internally to provide full magnetic attraction. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Inductive load
Below hook device
An electrical load which has a lagging power factor. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Industrial duty crane
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Service classification covered by CMAA Specification No. 70, ‘Specifications for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes’. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Ingot turnover grab
Below hook device
A manipulating lifter (see Fig). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Insulation class
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Motor winding insulation rating which indicates its ability to withstand heat and moisture. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Interlock mechanism.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two cranes or a crane to a crossover or spur track to permit the transfer of carriers from one crane or track to the other.

Interlocking crane
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A crane with an interlock mechanism on one or both ends enabling it to be mechanically locked to another crane, crossover, or spur track for the purpose of transferring a carrier from one to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Interlocking mechanism
Monorail
A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two cranes, or a crane to a fixed transfer section or spur track, to permit the transfer of carriers from one crane or track to the other. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Inverter (variable frequency drive)
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the fixed line voltage and frequency is changed to a three-phase system with infinitely variable voltage and frequency. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Jib boom
Bridge Crane
A horizontal cantilever track for supporting the carrier. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Jog (inch)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
To move the hook, trolley, or bridge in a series of short, discontinuous, increments by momentary operation of a Bridge Crane Controller. (WCH)

KSI
Bridge Crane
Kips per square inch, measurement of stress intensity. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Kip
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A unit of force, equivalent to 1000 pounds. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Knee brace
General
The diagonal structural member joining the building column and roof truss. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Latch
Below hook device
A device for holding a lifter in the open or closed position. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Latch, automatic
Below hook device
A sequencing latch mechanism operated by lifter motion. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Latch, hook
Hoist
A device used to bridge the throat opening of a hook. (WCH)

Lateral forces
Runway
Horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of the member being considered. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Lateral hook travel
Hoist
The lateral movement of the load hook between its position at the upper limit of travel and its position at the lower limit of travel. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Lefthand end
Bridge Crane
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s left of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane. (WCH)

Lift
Hoist
The maximum vertical distance through which the load hook can travel, and the total allowable hook movement between its upper limit of travel and its position when at the lower limit of travel (see Fig. 1)

Lift (hook travel)
Hoist
The maximum vertical distance through which the hook(s) can move, as determined by the length of rope and/or the number of grooves on the drum. (WCH)

Lift cycle
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Single lifting and lowering motion (with or without load). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Lift limiting device
Hoist
An electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical device for limiting the upward or downward travel of the load hook at the extremities of lift. This device may limit lift at any point within the extremities of lift, if designed to be adjustable. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Lift section
Monorail
A mechanism which will lift a section of track out of alignment with a stationary track. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Lifting beam (spreader beam)
Below hook device
A load supporting lifter (see Fig. 2). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Lifting devices
Hoist
Devices which are not normally reeved onto the hoist rope or chain, such as hook-on buckets, magnets. grabs. and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Limit device
Bridge Crane Control
A device which is operated by some part or motion of a power driven hoist to limit motion. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Limit switch
General
A device designed to cut off the power automatically at or near the limit of travel for the crane motion. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Line contactor
Bridge Crane Control
A contactor to disconnect power from the supply lines. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Live load
General
A load which moves relative to the structure under consideration. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Load
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Load (capacity), rated
General
The maximum load that the lifting magnet is designated to handle by the manufacturer. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load (capacity), specified application
General
A load applied to the lifting magnet when it is used to handle a specified load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load (maximum), specified
General
A load identified by part number or other Bridge Crane Controlled definition. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load bar
Hoist
A load-carrying member between carriers load block the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoist rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting rope or load chain. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Load block
Hoist
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting ropes. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Load carrying flange.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
The lower flange of the track on which the load bearing wheels roll. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Load cycle
Bridge Crane & Hoist
One lift cycle with load plus one lift cycle without load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Load hook
Hoist
the hook used to connect the load to the hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Load suspension parts—
Hoist
The load suspension parts of the hoist are the means of suspension (hook or lug). the structure or housing which supports the drum or load sprocket. the drum or load sprocket. the rope or load chain, the sheaves or sprockets. And the load block or hook. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Load, dead
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The load(s) on a portion of the crane, which remain(s) in affixed position relative to the member being considered. (WCH)

Load, live
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A load which moves or varies relative to the member being considered. For the trolley, the live load consists of the rated load plus the weight of the block. For the bridge, the live load consists of the rated load plus the weight of the trolley. (WCH)

Load, rated
Hoist
The maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built. (ASME B30-17)

Lock bar sheer lifter

A supporting lifter (see Fig. II) . (ASME B30.20-1985)

Longitudinal stiffeners
Bridge Crane
Horizontal members attached to the web of the bridge girder to prevent web buckling. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Low temperature service
Below hook device
A condition where the surface to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is below 00F (—180C). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Lug
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device fixed to the end truck or wheel yoke which will prevent the crane or carrier from falling in the event of a wheel or axle failure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Lug suspended
Hoist
A hoist suspended from a trolley or permanent structure by means of bolt(s) or pin(s) through a rigid or swivel type lug. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Magnet
Below hook device
An electromagnetic device carried on a hoist hook, used to pick up and carry loads magnetically. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Magnet, lifting
Below hook device
(a) electromagnet, battery-powered — a magnet which requires continuous current supplied by a battery to maintain holding force (see Fig. 32)

(b) electromagnet, externally powered — a magnet suspended from a crane which requires power from a source external to the crane

(c) permanent magnet, electrically Bridge Crane Controlled — a magnet which derives holding force from permanent magnet material and requires current only during the period of attachment or release (see Fig. 33)

(d) permanent magnet. manually Bridge Crane Controlled — a magnet which derives holding force from permanent magnet material and requires a manual effort during period of attachment or release (see Fig. 34). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, close proximity operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet used in such a fashion that the operator manually positions the magnet on the load, and manually guides the magnet and load during a lift. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, close proximity operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet used in such a fashion that the operator manually positions the magnet on the load, and manually positions the magnet and load during a lift. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, general application
Below hook device
Lifting magnets that are intended by the manufacturer to be used on a number of different geometrical shapes and do not fall under the category of remotely operated lifting magnets. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, remotely operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet which does not require the operator or other personnel to be in close proximity to the magnet or its load while the magnet is in use (see Figs. 35 and 36). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, submersible
Below hook device
— a special magnet that has been designed to be immersed in liquid. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet. Lifting, specified application

Lifting magnets that are designed for lifting specified geometrical configurations and weights of designated parts, identified by part number or other Bridge Crane Controlled definition and used in a Bridge Crane Controlled manner. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnetic Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A means of Bridge Crane Controlling direction and speed by using magnetic contactors and relays. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Main hoist
Hoist
The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Main line contactor
Bridge Crane Control
A magnetic contactor used in the incoming power circuit from the main line collectors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Main line disconnect switch
Bridge Crane Control
A manual switch which breaks the power lines leading from the main line collectors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Man trolley
Monorail
A trolley having an operator’s cab attached to it. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Manipulating lifter
Below hook device
A lifter that rotates the load about one or more axes during the lifting process (see Figs. 22 through 26). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Manual-magnetic disconnect switch
Bridge Crane Control
A power disconnecting means consisting of a magnetic-contactor that can be operated by remote pushbutton and can be manually operated by a handle on the switch. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Master switch
Bridge Crane Control
A manually operated device which serves to govern the operation of contactors and auxiliary devices of an electric Bridge Crane Control. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Match marking
General
Identification of non-interchangeable parts for reassembly after shipment. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Mean effective load
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A load used in durability calculations accounting for both maximum and minimum loads. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Mechanical braking means
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by friction. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Mechanical load brake
Hoist
An automatic type of friction brake used for Bridge Crane Controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor to lower a load but does not impose additional load on the motor when lifting a load.. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Mechanically interlocked
Bridge Crane Control
A mechanical device which prevents operation of opposite Bridge Crane Controls at the same time. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Messenger track
Bridge Crane
A horizontal member, mounted along a handrail or girder, supporting movable carriers from which festooned wires are hung. The festooned wires may be used to transmit current from the bridge to the trolley or from the bridge to a pendant Bridge Crane Control unit. (WCH)

Mill duty crane
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Service classification covered by AISE Standard No. 6, ‘Specification for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes for Steel Mill Service’. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Monorail
Monorail
An overhead track upon which carriers travel, used to transport loads. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Motor circuit switch
Bridge Crane Control
A switch, rated in horsepower, capable of interrupting the maximum operating overload current of a motor of the same horsepower rating as the switch at the rated voltage. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Multiple-pad mechanical vacuum lifter
Below hook device
See Fig. 29 .

Non-coasting mechanical drive
Bridge Crane
A drive with coasting characteristics such that it will stop the motion within a distance in feet equal to 10 percent of the rated speed in feet per minute when traveling at rated speed with rated load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Normal operating conditions
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Conditions during which a hoist is performing functions within the scope of the original design. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Normal operating conditions (of cab-operated cranes or carriers)
Bridge Crane
Conditions during which a crane or carrier is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator manually operated hoists, and 25% of the time for electric or pneumatic-powered hoists, of a single work shift. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Normal operating conditions (of floor-operated cranes)
Bridge Crane
Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating Bridge Crane Control devices that are attached to the crane but operated with the operator off the crane, and there is no person on the crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Normal walking speed.
General
A walking speed assumed to be 150 feet per minute (45.7 meters per minute). of a carrier when the elements are not securely locked. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Operator’s cab
Bridge Crane
The operator’s compartment from which movements of the crane are Bridge Crane Controlled. To be specified by the manufacturer as open, having only sides or a railing around the operator, or enclosed, complete with roof, windows, etc. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Any load greater than the rated load.(CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload limit device
Hoist
Refer to Section 4.3 for a complete definition. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload protection (overcurrent)
Hoist
A device operative on excessive current to cause and maintain the interruption or reduction of current flow to the equipment governed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overspeed lifting
Hoist

Overtravel restraint
Hoist
A device used to prevent the slack load chain from inadvertently being lowered out of the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Parts (lines)
Hoist
Number of lines of rope supporting the load block or hook. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Patented track
Bridge Crane
A generic term referring to crane and monorail equipment built in accordance with the MMA specification utilizing a composite track section incorporating a proprietary bottom flange shape. (CMAA Spec 74)

Pawl
Hoist
A device for holding the machinery against undesired rotation by engaging a ratchet. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Peel-off
Below hook device
A prying action which takes place when deflection of an overhanging load exceeds the compensating ability of the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device resulting in loss of load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Pendant pushbutton station
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Means suspended from the crane operating the Bridge Crane Controllers from the floor or other level beneath the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Pitch diameter
Hoist
The distance from center to center of a rope passing over a sheave or wound on a drum, measured across the diameter of the sheave or drum power transmission parts the power transmission parts of the hoist are the machinery components, including the gears, shafts, clutches, couplings, bearings, motors, and brakes. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Pitch diameter (rope)
Hoist
Distance through the center of ~ drum or sheave from center to center of a rope passed about the periphery. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plain reversing Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A reversing Bridge Crane Control which has identical characteristics for both directions of motor rotation. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plugging
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Control function which accomplishes braking by reversing the motor line voltage polarity or phase sequence. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plugging relay
Bridge Crane Control
A current relay used on a bridge or trolley Bridge Crane Control panel which senses current in the motor secondary circuit of an alternating current motor and limits reverse torque of the motor to the first Bridge Crane Control point until the motor rotation has stopped. In a direct current Bridge Crane Control panel, the relay performs the same function by establishing a patented sensing circuit at the motor armature. (Sometimes called an anti- plugging relay.) (WCH)

Primary upper limit device
Hoist
The first device that, when actuated, limits hoisting motion in the upward direction. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Important, this is not to be used as a operational limit switch.

Process crane
Bridge Crane

Protective panel
Bridge Crane Control
An assembly containing overload and undervoltage protection for all crane motions. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Pulpit Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A unit operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane. Pushbutton Station. A device consisting of pushbutton operated contacts in an enclosure used by the operator for Bridge Crane Control of the powered motions of the crane, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Push button station
Hoist
An electrical Bridge Crane Control device, consisting of push button operated contacts, used by the operator for the Bridge Crane Control of the powered motions of the crane, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment. (ASME B30-17)

Qualified person
Regulatory
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work. (ASME B30-17)

Radio Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
A unit operated from a radio transmitter located at a point not mechanically attached to the device being Bridge Crane Controlled. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Rail sweep
Bridge Crane
A device attached to the crane and located in front of the crane’s leading wheels to push aside loose obstructions. (ASME B30-17)

Rail, bridge
Bridge Crane
The track supported by the bridge girder(s), on which the trolley travels. (WCH)

Rail, runway
Runway
The track supported by the runway beams, on which the crane travels. (WCH)

Rated load (capacity)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Reach
Hoist
Reach is equal to lift plus headroom. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Reeving
Hoist
The reeving of the hoist is the path of the rope between the hoist and the load block

— (a) double reeving two parts of line leading off of the drum (see Fig. 2).

— (b) single reeving one part of the line leading off of the drum (see Fig. 2). (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Regenerative braking means
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the motor is fed back into the power system rope refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Regulated speed
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A function which tends to maintain constant motor speed for any load for a given speed setting of the Bridge Crane Controller. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Remote Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
A unit operated from a Bridge Crane Control station located at a point not mechanically attached to the device being Bridge Crane Controlled. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Righthand end
Bridge Crane
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s right of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane. (WCH)

Rope
Hoist
Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified. (ASME B30-17)

Rope drum
Hoist
The cylindrical member around which the rope is wound for lifting and lowering the load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Rope sheave
Hoist
A grooved wheel used with a rope to change direction and point of application of a pulling force. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Rotary switch
Monorail
A track switch with a movable inner frame containing straight and/or curve sections of track. The inner frame can be rotated around a vertical axis to align these tracks with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Rotating axle
Bridge Crane
An axle which rotates with the wheel.(CMAA Spec. 70)

Running sheave
Hoist
A sheave that rotates as the hook is lifted or lowered. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Runway
Runway
The rails, beams, brackets and framework on which the crane operates. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Runway conductors
Runway
The main conductors mounted on or parallel to the runway which supplies current to the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Runway rail
Runway
The rail supported by the runway beams on which the bridge travels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

S section
Bridge Crane & Runway
A standard beam shape as defined by the American Institute of Steel Construction. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Safety lug
Bridge Crane
A mechanical device fixed securely to the end truck or trolley yoke which will limit the fall of the crane or carrier in case of wheel or axle failure. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Service platform
Bridge Crane
A means provided for workers to perform maintenance, inspections, adjustments, and repairs of cranes (ASME B30-17)

Service, heavy
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That service which involves operation within the rated load limit which exceeds normal service. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Service, normal
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That distributed service which involves operation with randomly distributed loads within the rated load limit, or uniform loads less than 65% of rated load for not more than 15% of the time for manually operated hoists, and 25% of the time for electric-or air-powered hoists. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Service, severe
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That service which involves normal or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Shall
Regulatory
This word indicates that a rule is mandatory and must be followed. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Shear breakaway force
Below hook device
The external force that is required to separate or slide the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device on the load when the force is applied parallel to the attached load surface. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Sheave
Hoist
A grooved wheel or pulley used with a rope or chain to change direction and point of application of a pulling force. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Sheave, running
Hoist
A sheave which rotates as the load block is lifted or lowered. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Sheave; nonrunning (equalizer)
Hoist
A sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of the rope. Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave. . (ASME B30.2-1990)

Should
Regulatory
This word indicates that a rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Side pull
Hoist
The component of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically. (ASME B30-17)

Simple beam
General
A structural member supported and unrestrained at each end and subjected to loads acting transversely to its longitudinal axis. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Single reeved
Hoist

Skeleton cab
Bridge Crane
Same as dummy cab. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Skewing forces
Bridge Crane
Lateral forces on the bridge truck wheels caused by the bridge girders not running perpendicular to the runways. Some normal skewing occurs in all bridges. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Span
Bridge Crane
The horizontal distance center-to-center of runway rails. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Splice
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device used to join the adjacent ends of track sections. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Spring return
Bridge Crane Control
A device used on a manual Bridge Crane Controller, master switch, or pushbutton to cause the unit to return automatically to the neutral position, when released by the operator. (WCH)

Sprocket, idle
Hoist
A freely rotating device that changes the direction of the load chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Sprocket. Load
Hoist
A hoist component that transmits motion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Spur track
Monorail
A fixed track arranged to interlock with an adjacent crane girder to permit passage of carriers from the spur track to the crane, and vice versa. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Squaring shaft
Bridge Crane
A driven shaft which transmits torque to drive wheels operating on two or more tracks. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Standby equipment
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Equipment that is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Static Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A method of switching electrical circuits without the use of contacts. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stationary track.

A fixed track attached to the building or supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Stepless Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A type of Bridge Crane Control system with infinite speed Bridge Crane Control between minimum speed and full speed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stepped Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A type of Bridge Crane Control system with fixed speed points. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stop
Runway
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability. (ASME B30-17)

Strength, average ultimate
General
The average tensile force per unit of cross sectional area required to rupture the material as determined by test. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stress
General
Load or force per unit area tending to deform the material usually expressed in pound per square inch. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Stripper
Hoist
A device that aids the load chain in leaving the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Structural lifting device
Below hook device
A lifter consisting of an assembly of rigid parts designed to hold and attach a load to a hoistway device. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Structural supports
Runways
Structural members provided for the support of runways or monorail track and switches. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Supporting lift
Below hook device
A lifter that carries the load on rigid projection(s) or bearing surface(s) (see Figs. 2 through 14). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Supporting structure.
Runways
The structure used for the support of a monorail or crane system. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Suspension fittings
Bridge Cranes & Hoist
Fittings used to attach the track to the supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Sweep
Bridge Crane & Runway
Maximum lateral deviation from straightness of a structural member, measured at right angles to the Y-Y axis. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Switch, cross-track
Monorail
A track switch containing one straight section of track, pivoted about the center, which can be rotated to align with other crossing tracks to allow passage of the carrier through the junction without changing the direction of the carrier motion. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, emergency stop
Bridge Crane Control
A manually actuated switch to disconnect power independently of the regular operating Bridge Crane Controls. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, glide (slide)
Monorail
A track switch with a movable inner frame containing straight or curved sections of track. The inner frame can be moved to align these sections of track with other fixed tracks to permit routing of carriers. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, limit
Bridge Crane Control
A device that is actuated by the motion of a part of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter or disconnect the electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuit associated with the machine or equipment. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, main (crane disconnect)
Bridge Crane Control
A switch on the crane Bridge Crane Controlling the main power supply from the runway conductors. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, master
Bridge Crane Control
Switch that dominates the operation of contactors, relays, or other remotely operated devices. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, master, spring-return
Bridge Crane Control
A master switch that when released will return automatically to a neutral (OFF) position. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, runway disconnect
Bridge Crane Control
A switch, usually at floor level, Bridge Crane Controlling the main power supply to the runway conductors. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, tongue
Monorail
A track switch containing one straight section of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swung to various positions to connect with fixed tracks for routing of carriers. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, track
Monorail
A device with a moving section of track that can be moved to permit passage of a carrier from incoming fixed track(s) to outgoing fixed track(s). (ASME B30.11-1993)

Tagline
Bridge Crane Electrical
An electrical conductor system employing flexible cables. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Technical lifting device
Below hook device
A mechanism composed of two or more rigid parts which move with respect to each other for attaching a load to a hoisting device. (ASME B30.20-1985)

TENC
Bridge Crane Control
Totally enclosed fan cooled. (CMAA Spec. 70)

TENV
Bridge Crane Control
Totally enclosed non ventilated. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Test, application breakaway force
Below hook device
A test that is carried out in accordance with instructions from the manufacturer of the lifting magnet in order to establish the application breakaway force. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Test, rated breakaway force
Below hook device
A test that is carried out per para. 20-3.3.2(b)(2) in order to establish the rated breakaway force. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Tongue switch.
Monorail
A switch that contains one straight section of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swung to various positions to connect with other tracks for transfer of carriers from one to the other. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Top running crane
Bridge Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on rails attached to the top of the crane runway.(CMAA Spec. 74)

Torque, full load (motor)
Bridge Crane Control
The torque produced by a motor operating at its rated horsepower and speed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Torque, locked rotor
Bridge Crane Control
The minimum torque which a squirrel- cage motor will develop at rest, for all angular positions of the rotor, with rated voltage applied at rated frequency. Not applicable to wound-rotor (slip-ring) motors. (WCH)

Torque, motor breakdown
Bridge Crane Control
The maximum torque which a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor (slip-ring) motor will develop with rated voltage applied at rated frequency, without an abrupt drop in speed. (WCH)

Torque, motor full load
Bridge Crane Control
The torque developed by an electric motor (A.C. or D.C.) to produce its rated horsepower at rated full load speed. (WCH)

Torque, motor pull up
Bridge Crane Control
The minimum torque developed by a squirrel cage or wound rotor (slip-ring) motor during the period of acceleration from rest to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs. For squirrel cage motors with 8% or greater slip, the pull up torque, the breakdown torque, and the starting torque are all equal and occur at zero speed. (WCH)

Torsional box girder
Bridge Crane
Girder in which the trolley rail is located over one web. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Torsional forces
Bridge Crane
Forces which can cause twisting of a member. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Track
Monorail
The structural member that supports the carrier or crane wheels. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track capacity.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
The design load which consists of the rated load, impact allowance and load imposed by the weight of the equipment.(ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Track curves
Monorail
Curved sections of monorail track used to change the direction of carrier travel. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track hangers
Monorail
Fittings used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track joint
Monorail
The point at which two sections of track are joined together. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track joint

The point at which two sections of track are joined together. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Track opener
Monorail
A section of monorail track arranged to lift or swing out of line to make an opening through which a door may pass. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Tractor drive
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A motordriven unit supported from wheels and propelled by drive wheel or wheels bearing on the underside of the track. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Trolley
Hoist
A wheeled mechanism from which a hoist is suspended to provide horizontal motion of the hoist along a beam. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley

See Carrier.

Trolley (carrier)
Hoist
The unit which travels on the bottom flange of the bridge girder and carries the hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Trolley frame
Hoist
The basic structure of the trolley on which are mounted the hoisting and traversing mechanisms. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Trolley speed
Hoist
Trolley speed is the rate of motion that a motor operated trolley (and hoist) attains while traveling along a beam. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley suspended
Hoist
Suspension of hoist from a trolley. Hoist can be connected to trolley by hook, clevis, or lug suspension, or the hoist can be integral with trolley. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley travel
Hoist
The trolley movement in directions at right angles to the crane runway. (ASME B30-17)

Truck
Bridge Crane
A unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles that supports the bridge girders, the end ties of an overhead crane, or the sill of a gantry crane unattended a condition in which the operator of a crane is not at the operating Bridge Crane Control devices. However, on a floor-operated crane, if the operating Bridge Crane Control devices are within sight of the operator and within a distance equal to the span of the crane, the crane. e should be considered attended. (ASME B30.2-1990)

True vertical lift
Hoist
In true vertical lift, the load hook travels in a true vertical path between the lower limit of lift and the upper limit of lift. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Turntable
Monorail
A track device with a movable inner frame containing a straight section of track which can be rotated with a loaded carrier on it to align the section of track with other tracks for the transfer of carriers from one track to another. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Two blocking
Hoist
Condition under which the load block or load suspended from the hook becomes
jammed against the crane structure preventing further winding up of the hoist drum.
(CMAA Spec. 70)

Under running crane
Bridge Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on track
attached to the bottom flanges of the beams; or supported on bottom flanges
of beams. These beams make up the crane runway. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Undervoltage protection
Bridge Crane Control
A device operative on the reduction or failure of voltage to cause and maintain
the interruption of power in the main circuit. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Upper block
Hoist
A fixed block located on a trolley that, through a system of sheaves,
bearings, pins, and frame, supports the load block and its load. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Vacuum
Below hook device
— pressure less than ambient atmospheric pressure. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum lifter
Below hook device
— a below-the-hook lifting device for lifting and transporting loads in a
fixed attitude using a holding force by means of vacuum. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum manipulator
Below hook device
A vacuum lifter capable of repositioning the load while suspended.
(ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum pad
Below hook device
A device which applies a holding force on the load by means of vacuum. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum reservoir
Below hook device
The evacuated portion of the vacuum system whose function is to compensate
for leakage into the vacuum system or to provide a vacuum reserve in event
of vacuum generator failure. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Variable frequency
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage and
frequency can be adjusted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Vertical lift
Below hook device
A condition where the surface to which a vacuum pad is attached is in a vertical plane. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Voltage drop
Bridge Crane Control
The loss of voltage in an electric conductor between supply tap and load tap.
(CMAA Spec. 70)

W section
Bridge Crane & Runway
A wide flange beam shape as defined by the American Institute of
Steel Construction. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Wall mounted
Hoist
A type of hoist mounting in which the hoist is mounted to a vertical surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Web plate
Bridge Crane
The vertical plate connecting the upper and lower flanges or cover plates of
a girder. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Wheel load
Bridge Crane & Runway
The load without impact on any wheel with the trolley and lifted load
(rated capacity) positioned on the bridge to give maximum loading. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Wheel yoke
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A frame on which a pair of carrier (trolley) wheels are mounted. (ANSI MH27.1-1981)

Wheelbase
Bridge Crane
Distance from center-to-center of outermost wheels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Technische vertalingen naar Engels en Portugees: heffen, hijsen en haventermen.

2009-05-07T07:12:00.000-07:00

Welkom op mijn website, hier vind je technische vertalingen naar Engels en Portugees ivm hef en hijsmateriaal, haventermen. Bij elke vertaling plaats ik een foto om te verduidelijken om wat het gaat en soms extra informatie van de term.
Als u een ander woord kent voor de term mag u dat steeds plaatsen bij de reacties zodat iedereen gemakkelijk de juiste termen en vertalingen kan vinden.
Als je de Franse, Duitse, Spaanse,... vertaling kent mag u dat ook steeds plaatsen bij de reacties.

Gebruik het zoekvak om de term te vinden of kijk in de labels. Als u het woord niet vind mag u mij altijd contacteren, ik zal u dan helpen en de juiste vertaling hier op mijn website plaatsen.

U vind hier ook een collectie woordverklaringen (glossaries) ivm hef en hijsmateriaal, haventermen in het Nederlands, Engels en Portugees.

Indien je vragen, sugesties of opmerkingen hebt over mijn website mag u die altijd mailen of plaatsen bij de reacties.

Veel plezier met mijn website!

Technical Translations and Glossaries: Lifting, Hoisting and Harbour Terms

2009-05-07T06:48:00.000-07:00

Welcome to my webblog, here you can find technical translations relating to lifting and hoisting equipment to Portuguese(Portugal & Brazil) and Dutch, Flemish (Belgium).
With each translation I post a picture so you can see what it is and sometimes extra information about the word. If you know another word for the term you can post it in the comments section of the post so that everyone can easily find the translations they are looking for.
If you know the French, German, Spanish, ... translation please feel free to share it also in the comments section.

Use the search box to find the correct term you need or skim through the labels, if you can´t find the term let me know and I will look it up for you and post it here.

You can also find a collection of glossaries relating to Lift & Hoisting equipment, Port & Shipping terms in Portuguese, Dutch & English.

Let me know what you think of my website, all suggestions & comments are welcome.

Enjoy my website!

Haventermen - Dutch Glossary

2009-05-06T11:59:00.000-07:00

Soorten Havens:

Haven
Een haven is een natuurlijke of kunstmatig aangelegde, veilige ligplaats voor schepen die goederen moeten laden en/of lossen, passagiers moeten in- en/of ontschepen, reparaties moeten ondergaan of waar de schepen kunnen schuilen in afwachting van beter weer.

Een haven moet beschutting bieden tegen de elementen van de natuur (wind, golven en stromingen) en voorzien zijn van de nodige installaties voor het doel waarvoor de haven wordt gebruikt. Havens zijn de jongste decennia uitgegroeid tot meer dan louter plaatsen waar verschillende transportmodi samenkomen. Ze zijn ware logistieke knooppunten geworden van opslag, value added logistics, data-uitwisseling enz. Er zijn havens die uitsluitend bestemd zijn voor zeeschepen of voor binnenschepen, maar meestal zijn ze bestemd voor beide. Sommige havens zijn uitsluitend geschikt voor de behandeling van één soort lading. Voorbeelden daarvan zijn onder meer containerhavens, graan- en ertshavens, houthavens, petroleumhavens en stukgoedhavens.

Binnenhaven
Indien de haven overwegend bestemd is voor de behandeling van binnenschepen spreekt men van een binnenhaven.

Bunkerhaven
Bunkers zijn de brandstoffen die het schip voor de voortstuwing en de energievoorziening aan boord nodig heeft. Een bunkerhaven is een haven waar schepen uitsluitend aanmeren om die brandstoffen aan boord te nemen.

Containerhaven
Een containerhaven is een haven die speciaal is ontworpen en uitgerust voor de behandeling van containerschepen. Deze haven is uitgerust met containerkranen en wordt gekenmerkt door uitgestrekte terreinen achter de kaai, waar de containers kunnen worden gestapeld en worden overgeslagen op vrachtwagens en/of treinwagons.

Graan- en ertshaven
Graan- en ertshavens zijn havens waar granen en/of ertsen worden geladen in en/of gelost uit bulkcarriers. Kenmerkend voor dit soort haven zijn de mechanische laad- en losinstallaties zoals transporteurs, elevators, lopende banden en zware grijpers die zorgen voor een snelle behandeling en afvoer van de lading naar opslagplaatsen, silo's, spoorwagons of binnenschepen.

Houthaven
Een houthaven is speciaal ontworpen voor de overslag van ladingen hout. Vroeger werd hout dikwijls verder over rivieren getransporteerd in houtvlotten. De lading hout werd dan van het schip te water gelaten en werd al drijvend verder vervoerd via de waterwegen. Voor deze werkmethode was een groot wateroppervlak in de houthaven een noodzaak.

Industriehaven
In een industriehaven meren de schepen aan om er grondstoffen te lossen en industrieproducten te laden die bestemd zijn voor of afkomstig zijn van de lokale industrie in die haven.

Insteekhaven
Een insteekhaven is een haven die uitmondt op een kanaal of een rivier.

Jachthaven
Een jachthaven is een haven met ligplaatsen voor pleziervaartuigen. Jachthavens zijn meestal ook uitgerust met installaties om pleziervaartuigen te herstellen en te onderhouden. Pleziervaartuigen kunnen er ook bevoorraden.

Noodhaven
Een noodhaven is een haven die enkel bij bijzondere omstandigheden door schepen wordt aangelopen, bijvoorbeeld om noodreparaties uit te voeren of bij het uitbreken van brand of het verlies van lading.

Olie- of petroleumhaven
Olie- of petroleumhavens zijn uitsluitend bestemd voor de behandeling van petroleumtankers. Deze havens moeten beschikken over de nodige installaties om laad- en losslangen en -leidingen aan te koppelen evenals over de nodige opslagtanks. Ze zijn meestal gebouwd in de buurt van petroleumraffinaderijen. Om veiligheidsredenen zijn deze havens meestal aangelegd op enige afstand van de bewoonde kommen. Een variant van de petroleumhaven is de LNG-haven, waar LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) of vloeibaar aardgas wordt overgeslagen.

Oorlogs- of marinehaven
Een oorlogs- of marinehaven is een vlootbasis voor oorlogsschepen.

Spoorhaven
Het vervoer per spoor gebeurt sneller dan het zeevervoer. Daarom hebben spoorwegmaatschappijen havens ingericht en uitgebaat op in zee vooruitgeschoven landsdelen en aan mondingen van rivieren. Het voordeel daarvan was dat men over een langere afstand kon genieten van het snellere landvervoer. Deze havens werden vooral gebouwd voor overslag van reizigers, poststukken en waardevolle goederen. Door de opkomst van de luchtvaart is het belang van spoorhavens sterk verminderd.

Stukgoedhaven
Stukgoed is lading die niet in bulk of in gestandaardiseerde eenheden wordt verscheept: het betreft dus goederen in losse verpakkingen (kisten, zakken, bundels, vaten, losse colli) die niet in een container of een vrachtwagen aan boord van een schip worden geladen. Een stukgoedhaven moet over voldoende opslagruimte beschikken om de goederen, in afwachting van verdere overslag, op te slaan. Stukgoederen worden meestal gelost of geladen met walkranen. Voor de overslag van zware colli is meestal een drijvende bok noodzakelijk.

Transitohaven
Een transitohaven is bestemd voor doorvoerladingen, waarbij het schip in entrepot wordt gesteld en waardoor bijgevolg geen invoerrechten moeten worden betaald op de lading aan boord.

Vissershaven
Een vissershaven is een ligplaats voor vissersschepen. Als de vis er ook wordt gelost, moeten er loodsen en kaden zijn waar de vis wordt geveild, verpakt, gekoeld en eventueel snel kan worden afgevoerd naar het binnenland.

Vloedhaven
Een vloedhaven is een haven waar schepen enkel bij vloed kunnen in- of uitvaren. Bij eb komen de schepen soms droog te staan aan de kaai.

Vluchthaven
Een vluchthaven is een haven waar schepen bij storm aanmeren om te schuilen.

Vrijhaven
Een vrijhaven is een haven die de overheid, om bijzondere redenen, van de algemene tolwetten heeft ontheven en waar dus schepen van alle naties, zonder betaling van douanerechten, kunnen binnenlopen.

Werkhaven
Een werkhaven is een ligplaats voor vaartuigen die gebruikt worden voor de uitvoering van waterbouwkundige werken. Heel dikwijls zal een werkhaven een deel zijn van een bestaande haven dat tijdelijk wordt gebruikt door de aannemers die belast zijn met de uitvoering van belangrijke herstellings- of uitbreidingswerken.

Zeehaven
Indien de haven overwegend bestemd is voor de behandeling van zeeschepen spreekt men van een zeehaven.

Havenarbeid en maritieme beroepen
Aflader (shipper)
De aflader biedt de goederen voor vervoer over zee aan het schip aan. Hij sluit de vervoersovereenkomst af met de vervoerder. Deze vervoersovereenkomst wordt het cognossement (bill of lading, B/L) genoemd. De vervrachter is vervoerder ingeval van reisbevrachting en de bevrachter is vervoerder ingeval van tijds- en naakt cascobevrachting. De aflader en de bevrachter kunnen dezelfde partij zijn.

Bevrachter (charterer)
De bevrachter is de tegenpartij van de vervrachter. Hij huurt het schip van de vervrachter voor het vervoer van goederen en/of passagiers tegen een overeengekomen prijs en tegen bepaalde voorwaarden, vastgelegd in de bevrachtingsovereenkomst (charter party).

Bootmannen
De bootmannen maken de schepen vast aan de kaai. De bootmannen nemen de meertrossen aan van het schip en leggen ze over de bolders op de kaaimuur. Het omgekeerde doen ze bij vertrek van het schip. Voor het meren van grote schepen maken de bootmannen gebruik van kleine bootjes om de zware meertrossen van het schip tot aan de kaai te varen. Eens vastgemaakt aan de bolders, worden de meertrossen aangetrokken door middel van lieren (winches) waardoor het schip tegen de kaaimuur komt te liggen.

Canvasser
Canvassers zoeken voor rederijen naar te vervoeren lading. Ze bezoeken expediteurs en verschepers van lading en proberen hen te winnen om te vervoeren met hun rederij. De canvassers volgen nauwgezet alle industriële projecten in de hoop toekomstige lading te kunnen boeken.

Douaneagent
De douaneagent is ieder fysisch of rechtspersoon die voor derden douaneformaliteiten vervult, hetzij als hoofdberoep, hetzij als bijberoep. Juridisch gezien is de douaneagent een mandataris die goederen in- en uitklaart.

Eigenaar (shipowner)
De eigenaar bezit het schip. Hij is al dan niet ook de reder en de vervrachter van het schip.

Expediteur (Forwarding Agent)
Een expediteur is een organisator van het verzenden van goederen. Dit is veel ruimer van het louter vervoer van goederen van een plaats naar een andere. Naast het eigenlijke vervoer zorgt de expediteur ook voor de afhandeling van heel wat administratieve formaliteiten zoals bijvoorbeeld het aanvragen van de nodige vergunningen, prijsvragen en –vergelijkingen, het negotiëren van prijzen en het boeken van ladingen bij rederijen, organisatie van wegvervoer, opslag van goederen, organisatie van groepage van kleine loten goederen, het vervullen van eventuele douaneformaliteiten, de coördinatie tussen alle betrokken partijen enz. Een expediteur kan men een architect van het verzenden van goederen noemen.

Havenarbeid, havenarbeider
De Wet betreffende de havenarbeid (Wet Major) bepaalt dat enkel erkende havenarbeiders in de havengebieden arbeid mogen verrichten.

In het Koninklijk Besluit van 12 januari 1973 tot oprichting en tot vaststelling van de benaming en de bevoegdheid van het Paritair Comité van het havenbedrijf wordt expliciet omschreven wat moet worden verstaan onder havenarbeid:

"Alle werknemers en hun werkgevers die, in de havengebieden, als hoofdzakelijke of bijkomstige activiteit havenarbeid verrichten, d.w.z. alle behandelingen van goederen welke per zee- of binnenschepen, spoorwagens of vrachtwagens aan- of afgevoerd worden, en de met deze goederen in verband staande bijkomende diensten, ongeacht deze activiteiten geschieden in de dokken, op bevaarbare waterwegen, op de kaden of in de instellingen welke gericht zijn op invoer, uitvoer en doorvoer van goederen, alsook alle behandelingen van goederen, welke per zee- of binnenschepen aan- of afgevoerd worden op de kaden van nijverheidsinstellingen."

Kuiper
De kuiper verpakt goederen en maakt ze aldus klaar voor het zeevervoer.

Ontvanger (receiver, consignee)
De ontvanger is de partij die in het cognossement wordt aangeduid als diegene aan wie de goederen moeten worden afgeleverd. De bevrachter en de ontvanger kunnen dezelfde partij zijn.

Reder (shipowner)
De reder is hij die schepen uitrust en commercieel exploiteert. De scheepseigenaar wordt ook reder genoemd. De reder is niet noodzakelijk de eigenaar van het schip. Hij kan het schip dat hij uitrust en commercieel exploiteert ook charteren van de scheepseigenaar.

Scheepsagent (Shipping agent)
De scheepsagent is de vertegenwoordiger van een rederij in een vreemde haven. Vermits de kapitein van een schip niet alle geplogenheden kent in een vreemde haven, stelt de rederij er een lokale vertegenwoordiger aan: de scheepsagent. De scheepsagent assisteert de kapitein bij het in- en uitklaren van het schip: hij handelt alle formaliteiten af voor het schip en de lading met de diverse instanties in de haven: het loodswezen, het havenbedrijf, de douane, de goederenbehandelaars, de verschepers en ontvangers van de goederen, de expediteurs enz. Bovendien behartigt de scheepsagent eveneens de belangen van de bemanning van het schip: het bezorgen van geld aan de kapitein (veelal nodig voor het betalen van de bemanning), bij repatriëring zorgt de scheepsagent voor de nodige visa, voor vliegtuigtickets, voor het vervoer naar de luchthaven en soms voor hotelaccommodatie. De scheepsagent regelt eventuele medische hulp en bestelt voorraden en proviand voor het schip. Als de scheepsagent optreedt voor een regelmatige lijn is hij soms ook lijnagent. De lijnagent zoekt lading voor het schip. De vergoeding daarvoor bestaat uit een commissieloon.

Scheepsmakelaar (shipbroker)
De scheepsmakelaar is een tussenpersoon die in opdracht van de reder (owner’s broker) de meest voordelige mogelijkheid tot vervrachting van het schip opspoort. Hij bereidt eventueel de bevrachtingsovereenkomst (charterpartij) voor. De term ‘shipbroker’ wordt ook gebruikt in het kader van bemiddeling tot aan- en verkoop van schepen.

Schoorder
De schoorders zetten de lading vast in het schip zodat de goederen tijdens de zeereis niet kunnen verschuiven of omver vallen.

Shift
Een shift is de eenheid van (haven)arbeid. In het Belgische systeem van havenarbeid is een shift een periode van 7 uur en 15 minuten.

Stuwadoor
De stuwadoor laadt en lost schepen. Hij houdt zich ook bezig met alle aanverwante activiteiten zoals opslag, sorteren, verpakken, meten, wegen enz.

Toldeclarant
De toldeclarant geeft de goederen aan bij de douane en zorgt voor alle nodige documenten en formaliteiten in dit verband.

Vervoerscommissionair
De vervoerscommissionair treedt op als tussenpersoon tussen diegene die lading te verschepen heeft en diegene die vervoerscapaciteit ter beschikking heeft. Met andere woorden is de vervoerscommissionair de tussenpersoon tussen de verscheper en de vervoerder.

Vervrachter (owner, disponent owner)
De vervrachter verhuurt het schip aan de bevrachter voor het vervoer van goederen en/of passagiers tegen betaling van de overeengekomen prijs en tegen bepaalde voorwaarden, vastgelegd in de bevrachtingsovereenkomst (charter party).

Verzekeringsmakelaar
De verzekeringsmakelaar is een gemandateerde van de verzekerde met als taak te zoeken hoe een bepaald risico kan worden verzekerd. Hij onderhandelt over de verzekeringspremie, kiest de verzekeringsmaatschappij, beheert de verzekeringspolissen, verwittigt de verzekeringsmaatschappij bij schade en houdt toezicht op het naleven van de reglementen.

Wet Major
Zie havenarbeid.

Overige Termen:

Bakboord
Linkse kant van het schip, gezien in de richting van het vooruit varend schip. Het tegengestelde van bakboord is stuurboord.

Ballast
Ballast is een zware last dat aan boord van schepen wordt geladen om de stabiliteit te verbeteren, om het schip te trimmen (over de lengte en de breedte horizontaal te krijgen), het zeewaardiger te maken en om de schroef onder te dompelen. Meestal wordt, als ballast, zeewater geladen in tanks op de bodem van het schip of in zijtanks (“wingtanks”). In tankers wordt zeewater in de ladingtanks gepompt om het schip, wanneer er geen lading aan boord is, op de gewenste diepgang te krijgen. Ballast is ook een reis van een schip zonder dat er lading aan boord is, om het schip te positioneren voor een volgende lading of om naar een droogdok te varen.

Blauwe Steen
De “Blauwe Steen” is de symbolische benaming van de rand van de kaaimuur. Deze term wordt gebruikt bij de INCO-term FOB (Free On Board), waar de verantwoordelijkheid en de kosten overgaan van de verkoper naar de koper op het ogenblik dat de goederen de scheepsreling (of de rand van de kaaimuur) passeren. In de Vlaamse havens spreekt men in dat geval van de “Blauwe Steen”.

Bunkers
De bunkers van een schip zijn de brandstoffen die het schip aan boord neemt om te kunnen varen. De aard van de bunkers hangt af van het soort scheepsmotoren van het schip.

Cargo battens (Sparrings)
Houten latten die in het ruim, op de spanten van het schip, zijn bevestigd om te vermijden dat lading in het ruim in contact komt met de stalen wanden van het schip. De stalen wand van een schip is dikwijls vochtig door condensatie en de lading kan bijgevolg ook nat worden en beschadigd worden bij direct contact tussen de lading en de stalen wand van het ruim. In dat geval spreekt men van zweetschade aan de lading.

Classificatiemaatschappij
Alle schepen worden gebouwd naar de regels van een classificatiemaatschappij. De Classificatiemaatschappij keurt de plannen van het schip goed en houdt toezicht op de eigenlijke bouw van het schip. Daarbij wordt ook toezicht gehouden op de kwaliteit van de gebruikte materialen en op de vakbekwaamheid van de scheepsbouwers. Na voltooiing levert de classificatiemaatschappij een certificaat af, het certificaat van Klasse, voor Schip en Machinerieën. Dit klassecertificaat is de basis om het schip te verzekeren. De classificatiemaatschappijen zien ook toe op de technische staat van het schip, op de leefomstandigheden aan boord en op de veiligheid. Daarvoor geven zij, soms ook in naam van de vlaggestaat van het schip, bepaalde certificaten af.

Crude (oil)
Crude (oil) is ruwe petroleum zoals het uit de bron werd gepompt, dus vóór de raffinage.

Droogdok
Een droogdok is een dok of een bassin dat leeggepompt kan worden om er schepen in droog te zetten voor inspectie, onderhoud of herstellingswerken. Een drijvend droogdok is een ponton waarvan de dwarsdoorsnede U-vormig is. Door het ponton met ballastwater te vullen kan het worden afgezonken zodat schepen tussen de twee opstaande wanden kunnen worden gevaren. Door het ballastwater uit het dok te pompen kan het schip uit het water worden getild zodat inspectie, onderhoud of herstelling mogelijk wordt.

Dukdalf
Een dukdalf is een in het water geplaatste zware paal, gesteund door vier tot acht schoorplaten, dienend om er schepen aan vast te leggen, of tot bescherming van bruggen en sluizen.

Eastbound
De termen “eastbound” en “westbound” worden gebruikt om de richting aan te duiden waarin een schip vaart op de lijn. Een containerschip dat van Europa naar Amerika vaart, vaart “westbound”. Een schip dat van Europa naar Azië vaart “eastbound”. Een schip dat van Amerika naar Azië vaart, vaart “westbound”.

Fender
Een fender is een cilindervormig kussen dat aan de kaaimuur wordt bevestigd of overboord wordt gehangen van een schip ter voorkoming van beschadiging van de scheepshuid tegen de kaaimuur of tegen een ander schip. Synoniem is stootkussen.

Goedkope vlag
Ieder schip wordt in een land geregistreerd. Het land van registratie is de nationaliteit van het schip. De nationaliteit heeft een zeer belangrijke invloed op de exploitatievoorwaarden van het schip. Door zijn nationaliteit is het schip onderworpen aan de wetten van het land waarvan het de vlag voert. De nationale politiek ter bevordering of bescherming van de koopvaardijvloot van de vlag zal de exploitatie beïnvloeden. Bovendien geniet het schip van de politieke bescherming, maar draagt ook de gevolgen van de conflicten waarin het land in gemengd is. Sommige landen bieden zeer gunstige voorwaarden aan voor het voeren van hun vlag, zoals bijvoorbeeld de vrijstelling van belastingen, tegen de betaling van een registratierecht en een jaarlijks recht op basis van de tonnenmaat. Men zegt dat schepen die varen onder de vlag van één van die landen varen onder een goedkope vlag omdat de kostprijs om onder die vlag te varen lager is.

Intermodaal vervoer
Vervoer waarbij verschillende modi worden gecombineerd in één traject, zonder tussentijdse bewerkingen op de goederen.

Laadboom
Beweegbare mast aan boord van een schip waarmee goederen kunnen worden geladen en gelost.

Landbrug
Het traject van het vervoer van goederen tussen twee havens kan soms worden onderbroken door het vervoer van de goederen over land, met het oog op het verlagen van de kostprijs en/of het verkorten van de totale reistijd tegenover een volledige zeereis. Het deel van het vervoer over land noemt men een landbrug. Bijvoorbeeld goederen uit Japan, bestemd voor Europa, worden per schip van Japan naar de westkust van de Verenigde Staten verscheept, per trein van de westkust naar de oostkust vervoerd om vervolgens opnieuw per schip te worden verscheept naar Europa.

Loop
Een “loop” van een regelmatige lijndienst is één volledige rotatie vanuit de eerste laadhaven, via de diverse vaste laad- en loshavens terug naar de eerste laadhaven. Sommige regelmatige lijnen tussen twee gebieden bestaan uit verschillende “loops”, waarbij al dan niet dezelfde havens worden aangedaan.

Modal shift
De modal shift is het overhevelen van goederenstromen van het wegvervoer naar andere vervoerwijzen zoals het spoorvervoer, de binnenvaart, de kustvaart of het pijpleidingenvervoer.

Modal split
De model split is de verdeling van de goederenstromen over verschillende vervoerwijzen, zoals de weg, het spoor, de binnenvaart, de kustvaart en het pijpleidingenvervoer.

Modus
De vervoermodus is de wijze van vervoer zoals het wegvervoer, het spoorvervoer, het zeevervoer, de binnenvaart, de kustvaart, het pijpleidingenvervoer.

Multimodaal vervoer
Vervoer waarbij verschillende vervoermodi in overweging worden genomen en eventueel worden gecombineerd.

Rangeerstation of vormingsstation
Een rangeerstation of vormingsstation is een spoorwegemplacement waar treinen of losse wagons worden gesplitst en opnieuw samengevoegd.

Reach-Stacker
Een reach-stacker is een heftoestel waarmee containers kunnen worden gestapeld of worden geladen of gelost op of van opleggers en spoorwagons. Door middel van een telescopische hydraulische arm, die voorzien is van een spreader, kunnen de containers zeer hoog worden gestapeld (sommige toestellen kunnen de containers tot tien hoog stapelen).

RMG (Rail Mounted Gantry)
Een RMG (Rail Mounted Gantry ) is een heftoestel waarmee containers worden geladen op of gelost van spoorwagons. Het is een portaalkraan die meestal op rails rijdt en wordt opgesteld over een spoorbundel op een containerterminal. De containers worden door de RMG langszij de spoorbundel geplaatst, waarna ze door straddle carriers verder worden vervoerd naar het opslagterrein. RMG’s worden soms ook ingezet op opslagterreinen van containerterminals voor het stockeren van containers in grote blokken. In dat geval rijden de RMG’s op luchtbanden.

Sas
Deel van een sluis dat zich bevindt tussen de stroomopwaartse en stroomafwaartse sluisdeuren en waartussen de schepen tijdens het veranderen van het waterpeil in de sluis aanmeren. Synoniem is kolk of sluiskolk.

Stuurboord
Rechtse kant van het schip, gezien in de richting van het vooruit varend schip. Het tegengestelde van stuurboord is bakboord.

Swap body
Een swap body (wissellaadbak) is een standaardvrachtcontainer die gewoonlijk te licht gebouwd is om te worden gestapeld, of om vanaf de bovenkant te worden opgetild, en dit in tegenstelling tot de meer wijdverspreide ISO-containers. Wisselbakken worden normaal gebouwd uit minder en/of lichtere materialen om te besparen op de aankoopkosten en op de brandstofkosten. Wissellaadbakken zijn meestal zo gebouwd dat de externe en interne afmetingen gelijk zijn aan die van standaard ISO-containers. Op die manier kunnen ze vervoerd worden met hetzelfde type vrachtwagen, oplegger en treinwagon als die voor IS-containers. Soms worden de afmetingen van de wissellaadbakken afgestemd op een specifieke regio. Heel dikwijls zijn de chassis van wissellaadbakken voorzien van opvouwbare poten, om de wissel van de laadbak van de ene vrachtwagen naar de andere te vergemakkelijken en om de laadbak ter bestemming te kunnen achterlaten zonder dat daarvoor een hijstoestel nodig is. De wissellaadbakken hebben vaak meer deuren of glijdende panelen dan de standaard ISO-containers, waardoor het lossen en laden sneller en gemakkelijker gaat. Veel wisselbakken hebben enkel een zwaar gordijn aan de zijkanten om de lading te beschermen. Sommige containerschepen en containerterminals zijn voorzien van speciale stalen frames of rekken, om wissellaadbakken op elkaar te stapelen, zonder dat daarbij het gewicht van de hoger geplaatste containers of wissellaadbakken op de wissellaadbakken rust.

Transtainer
Een transtainer is een heftoestel waarmee containers worden geladen op of gelost van spoorwagons. Het is een portaalkraan die meestal op rails rijdt en wordt opgesteld over een spoorbundel op een containerterminal. De containers worden door de transtainer langszij de spoorbundel geplaatst, waarna ze door straddle carriers verder worden vervoerd naar het opslagterrein. Transtainers worden soms ook ingezet op opslagterreinen van containerterminals voor het stockeren van containers in grote blokken. In dat geval rijden de transtainers op luchtbanden.

Unimodaal vervoer
Vervoer waarbij slechts één vervoermodus wordt gebruikt voor het vervoer op één traject.

Westbound
De termen “eastbound” en “westbound” worden gebruikt om de richting aan te duiden waarin een schip vaart op de lijn. Een containerschip dat van Europa naar Amerika vaart, vaart “westbound”. Een schip dat van Europa naar Azië vaart “eastbound”. Een schip dat van Amerika naar Azië vaart, vaart “westbound”.

Zwaaien
Zwaaien is een scheepsmanoeuvre waarbij het schip om zijn as draait om van richting te veranderen. Een deel van een haven dat speciaal voor het zwaaien van schepen is aangelegd noemt men een zwaaikom.

Containertermen - Dutch Glossary

2009-05-06T11:56:00.000-07:00

Corner fitting
Iedere container is op elke hoek voorzien van een corner fitting. Dit is een stalen kubus die aan iedere buitenkant voorzien is van een ovale opening. Deze openingen dienen om de containers op te heffen of om ze vast te zetten op het schip, de vrachtwagen, de spoorwagon of om de container aan een andere container te koppelen.

Feedering
Feedering is het verschepen van (container)lading vanuit meerdere (kleinere) havens naar één (grotere) haven, waar de lading, voor transoceanisch vervoer, wordt overgeladen op een groter schip. Feedering omvat ook de omgekeerde beweging: (container)ladingen, afkomstig van een transoceanische lijn, worden verder vervoerd naar diverse kleinere havens.

Portaalkraan
Een portaalkraan is een verrijdbare kraan de vorm van een portaal. Bijna alle containerterminals zijn voorzien van dergelijke kranen. Portaalkranen worden ook gebruikt voor het lossen van bulkschepen.

Reach-Stacker
Een reach-stacker is een heftoestel waarmee containers kunnen worden gestapeld of worden geladen of gelost op of van opleggers en spoorwagons. Door middel van een telescopische hydraulische arm, die voorzien is van een spreader, kunnen de containers zeer hoog worden gestapeld (sommige toestellen kunnen de containers tot tien hoog stapelen).

Spreader
Een spreader is een uitschuifbaar, metalen raam waarmee containers worden opgetild door portaalkranen, straddle carriers, transtainers, reach-stackers of heftrucks. Vermits er containers van verschillende lengtes bestaan (de meest gebruikelijke internationale lengtes zijn twintig en veertig voet) kan het metalen raam hydraulisch worden uitgeschoven tot de geschikte lengte.wordt gereikt. Op iedere hoek van het raam bevindt zich een ovale, kegelvormige pin. Door die pin over negentig graden te draaien wanneer die in de voorziene opening op de container werd geplaatst, kan de container worden opgetild.

Straddle carrier - Portaalhefwagen
Een straddle carrier is een heftoestel waarmee containers worden gelost van of geladen op een oplegger. Het toestel rijdt over de oplegger heen en tilt de container verticaal op. De straddle carrier rijdt op luchtbanden en kan containers na lossing tot drie hoog stapelen op het opslagterrein van een containerterminal, waar ze in rijen, los van elkaar worden gestapeld. De containers worden zodanig in rijen gestapeld dat de straddle carrier over elke rij kan rijden om op die manier containers weg te nemen of bij te plaatsen. Het heftoestel wordt ook gebruikt om de containers van onder de portaalkranen langszij het schip, of van onder een transtainer van een spoorbundel naar het opslagterrein te brengen en omgekeerd.

Strippen
Strippen komt voor bij LCL-ladingen (Less than Container Load). Men spreekt van LCL wanneer de rederij of de vervoerder van containers ook partijen goederen, die in volume kleiner zijn dan de inhoud van een container, ter vervoer aanneemt. De vervoerder zal verschillende dergelijke kleine partijen bundelen tot hij er één container kan mee vullen. Het lossen van diverse kleine partijen uit één container noemt men strippen.

Stuffen
Stuffen komt voor bij LCL-ladingen (Less than Container Load). Men spreekt van LCL wanneer de rederij of de vervoerder van containers ook partijen goederen, die in volume kleiner zijn dan de inhoud van een container, ter vervoer aanneemt. De vervoerder zal verschillende dergelijke kleine partijen bundelen tot hij er één container kan mee vullen. Het laden van diverse kleine partijen in één container noemt men stuffen.

Transtainer
Een transtainer is een heftoestel waarmee containers worden geladen op of gelost van spoorwagons. Het is een portaalkraan die meestal op rails rijdt en wordt opgesteld over een spoorbundel op een containerterminal. De containers worden door de transtainer langszij de spoorbundel geplaatst, waarna ze door straddle carriers verder worden vervoerd naar het opslagterrein. Transtainers worden soms ook ingezet op opslagterreinen van containerterminals voor het stockeren van containers in grote blokken. In dat geval rijden de transtainers op luchtbanden.

Twistlock
Een twistlock is een speciale dubbele pin waarmee op elkaar gestapelde containers worden vastgemaakt. De pinnen hebben een ovale kegelvorm en passen precies in de ovale openingen in de corner posts van een container. Door de pin over een hoek van negentig graden te draaien, zitten ze vast. Door de twee pinnen vast te maken in twee naast of boven elkaar staande containers, zijn de containers aan elkaar vastgekoppeld.

GLOSSARY OF LIFT- AND HOISTING TERMS, CRANE RELATED TERMINOLOGY

2009-05-06T11:48:00.000-07:00

GLOSSARY OF LIFT- AND HOISTING TERMS, CRANE RELATED TERMINOLOGY

A

Abnormal Operating Conditions
Environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a crane, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to adverse weather, corrosive fumes, dust-laden or moisture-laden atmospheres, and hazardous locations.

Access Platform
A limited length platform, located on the idler girder to access to the endtruck wheels only.

Adjustable or Variable Voltage
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage can be adjusted.

Aerial crane
or 'Sky cranes' usually are helicopters designed to lift large loads. Helicopters are able to travel to and lift in areas that are more difficult to reach by a conventional crane. Helicopter cranes are most commonly used to lift units/loads onto shopping centers, multi-story buildings, highrises, etc. However, they can lift basically anything within their lifting capacity, (i.e. cars, boats, swimming pools, etc.). They also work as disaster relief after natural disasters for clean-up, and during wild-fires they are able to carry huge buckets of water over fires to put them out.

All Terrain Crane
A mobile crane which has the necessary equipment to travel with high speed on public roads/highways and on the job site in rough terrain with all wheel and crab steering. AT‘s combine the roadability of Truck-mounted Crane and the manoeuvrability of a Rough Terrain Crane.

Ambient Temperature
The temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the hoist.

Ampacity
The current carrying capacity expressed in amperes.

ANSI
The American National Standards Institute.

Appointed
Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

Attachment point
Designed lifting point that is part of a load

Auxiliary Hoist
A supplemental hoisting unit of lighter capacity and usually higher speed than provided for the main hoist.

Automatic Crane
A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles.

Auxiliary Girder (outrigger)
An additional girder, either solid or latticed arranged parallel to the bridge girder(s) for supporting the foot-walk, Bridge Crane Control panels, operator’s cab, etc., to reduce the torsional forces such loads might otherwise impose.

Axle, Fixed
A shaft which is fixed in the end truck and about which the wheel revolves.

Axle, Rotating
A shaft which is fixed in the wheel and which rotates on bearings fixed in the end truck.

B

B-10 Bearing Life
The B-1O bearing life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, in hours, of 9O~7o of a group of bearings which are operated at a given speed and loading.

Bearing Life
The L-10 life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, hours, of 90 percent of a group of bearings which are operating-at a given speed and loading. The average expected life of the bearings is approximately five times the L-10 life.

Bearing, Lifetime Lubricated
An antifriction bearing which is provided with seals and a high-stability oxidation-resistant grease to permit operation of the bearing without re-lubrication for not less than the specified B-10 life.

Block, Load
The assembly of hook, swivel, bearings, sheaves, pins and frame suspended from the hoisting ropes. In a “short type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on the same member, called the swivel. In a “long type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on separate members. (The supporting member for the sheaves is called the sheave pin and the supporting member for the hook is called the trunnion.)

Block, Upper
A fixed assembly of sheaves, bearings, pins and frame, located on the trolley cross members, and which supports the load block and its load by means of the ropes.

Bogie
A short end truck attached to the end of one girder (or to a connecting member if more than one bogie is used per girder). This type of end truck is used when more than four wheels are required on a crane due to the design of the runway.

Boom (of gantry cranes)
An extension of the trolley runway that may be raised or retracted to obtain clearance for gantry travel.

Boom (of overhead cranes)
A horizontal member mounted on the trolley to permit hoisting and lowering the load at a point other than directly under the hoist, drum, or trolley.

Brake
A device used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

Branch Circuit
The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s).

Breaking Strength/Ultimate Strength:
Do not use breaking strength as a criterion for service of design purposes. Refer to the Working Load Limit instead.
Breaking Strength is the average force at which the product, in the condition it would leave the factory, has been found by representative testing to break, when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of speed on a standard pull testing machine. Proof testing to twice the Working Load Limit does NOT apply to hand-splice slings.
Remember: Breaking Strengths, when published, were obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Listing of the Breaking Strength does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.

Bridge
The part of a crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks, and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or trolleys.

Bridge Conductors
The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley.

Bridge Girder (crane girder)
The principal horizontal beams of the crane, on which carriers or trolleys travel, is supported by the end trucks, and is perpendicular to the runway.

Bridge Rail
The rail supported by the bridge girders on which the trolley travels.

Bridge Travel
The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway.

Building Structure
The structural members of a building that support the building loads and on which the loads of crane or monorail equipment, and the material to be moved, will be imposed.

Bulk-handling crane
Bulk-handling cranes are designed from the outset to carry a shell grab or bucket, rather than using a hook and a sling. They are used for bulk cargoes, such as coal, minerals, scrap metal etc.

Bumper (buffer)
An energy absorbing device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel; or when two moving cranes or trolleys come in contact.

Bow shackle
With a larger "O" shape to the loop, this shackle can take loads from many directions without developing as much side load. However, the larger shape to the loop does reduce its overall strength. Also referred to as an anchor shackle.

C

Cab
The operator's compartment on a crane.

Cab-Operated Crane
A crane controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley.

Camber
The slight upward vertical curve given to girders to compensate partially for deflection due to hook load and weight of the Crane.

Capacity
The maximum rated load (in tons) which a crane is designed to handle.

Carrier
Please see “Trolley”.

Chain, Hand
The chain grasped by the operator to apply force required for lifting, lowering, or traveling motions.

Chain, Load
The load-bearing chain in a hoist.

Chain Guide
A means to guide the load chain at the load sprocket.

Circuit Breaker
A device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating.

Clearance
The distance from any part of the crane to a point of the nearest obstruction.

CMAA
Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (formerly EQOI—Electric Overhead Crane Institute).

Collectors
Contacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors.

Collector Shoe
The portion of a collector which makes contact by sliding on the conductor bar.

Collector Wheel
The portion of a collector which makes contact by rolling on the conductor bar.

Conductors, Bridge
The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley.

Conductors, Runway
The electrical conductors located along a crane runway to provide power to the crane.

Contactor
An electromechanical device for opening and closing an electric power circuit.

Control Braking Means
A method of controlling crane motor speed when in an overhauling condition.

Control Actuator, Bridge Crane
A manual means at the operating station by which hoist Bridge Crane Controls are energized.

Control Enclosure, Bridge Crane
The housing containing the electrical Bridge Crane Control component.

Control Voltage
The voltage impressed on the Bridge Crane Control devices.

Controller, Bridge Crane
A device for regulating in a pre-determined way the power delivered to the motor or other equipment.

Controller, Spring Return
A controller which when released will return automatically to a neutral position.

Countertorque
A method of control by which the power to the motor is reversed to develop torque in the opposite direction.

Couplings (splices)" – Mechanical devices used to join the adjacent ends of track sections.

Cover Plate
The top or bottom plate of a box girder.

Crane
A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism an integral part of the machine. Cranes whether fixed or mobile are driven manually or by power.

Crawler Crane
A crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks (also called crawlers) that provide for the stability and mobility of the crane. Crawler cranes range in lifting capacity from about 40 US tons to 3500 US tons.
Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages depending on their intended use. The main advantage of a crawler is that they can move around on site and then perform each lift with very little set-up, as the crane is stable on its tracks with no outriggers. In addition, a crawler crane is capable of traveling with a load. The main disadvantage of a crawler crane is that they are very heavy, and cannot easily be moved from one job site to the next without significant expense. Typically, a large crawler must be disassembled and moved by trucks, rail cars or ships to be transported to its next location.

Creep Speed
A very slow, constant, continuous, fixed rate of motion of the hoist, trolley, or bridge: usually Control established at 1% to 10% of the normal full load speed.

Cross Shaft
The shaft extending across the bridge, used to transmit torque from motor to bridge drive wheels.

Cushioned Start
An electrical or mechanical method for reducing the rate of acceleration of a travel motion.

Cantilever Gantry Crane
A gantry or semi-gantry crane in which the bridge girders extend transversely beyond the crane runway on both sides.

Chain Sprocket or Drum Groove
Grooved or notched wheel that the hoist rope or chain is seated.

Crane
A machine used to raise, lower or move a load horizontally.

Cargo
All materials carried by a vehicle or trailer including those used to operate the vehicle.

Cross-Docking
The movement of goods directly from receiving dock to shipping dock to eliminate storage expense.

Cubic Capacity
The carrying capacity of a piece of equipment according to measurement in cubic feet.

Custodian, equipment
A person assigned responsibility for a piece of hoisting and rigging equipment

Cyclic Test
A test to determine a cyclic life or acceptable cyclic rating of a tie down component or assembly.

D

Dead Loads
The loads on a structure that remain in a fixed position relative to the structure. On a crane bridge such loads include the girders, footwalk, cross shaft, drive units, panels, etc.

Deck Crane
Located on the ships and boats, these are used for cargo operations or boat unloading and retrieval where no shore unloading facilities are available. Most are diesel-hydraulic or electric-hydraulic.

Deflection
Displacement due to bending or twisting in a vertical or lateral plane, caused by the imposed live and dead loads.

Designated
Selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

Design Factor: (sometimes referred to as safety factor)
An industry term usually computed by dividing the catalog Breaking Strength by the catalog Working Load Limit and generally expressed as a ratio. For example: 4 to 1

Diaphragm
A plate or partition between opposite parts of a member, serving a definite purpose in the structural design of the member.

Disconnecting Means
A device, or group of devices, or other means whereby the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their power source.

Double-Girder Crane
A crane having two bridge girders mounted between and supported from the end trucks.

Drag Brake
A brake which provides retarding force without external control.

Drift Point
A point on a travel motion controller which releases the brake while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting before the brake is set.

Drive Girder
The girder on which the bridge drive machinery is mounted.

Driving Head
A motor-driven carrier head which is supported from and propelled by the load bearing wheels.

Drum
The cylindrical member around which the ropes are wound for raising or lowering the load.

Dynamic Brake
A method of controlling crane motor speeds when in the overhauling condition to provide a retarding force.

D-shackle
Also known as a chain shackle, D-shackles are narrow shackles shaped like a loop of chain, usually with a pin or threaded pin closure. D-shackles are very common and most other shackle types are a variation of the D-shackle. The small loop can take high loads primarily in line. Side and racking loads may twist or bend a D-shackle.

E

Engineered Lift
A test load that has been identified and evaluated for use in determining the lifting capacity of the hoisting equipment.

Eddy Current Brake
A method of Bridge Crane controlling or reducing speed by means of an Bridge Crane Electrical induction load brake.

Electric Baffle
Conductors that are wired to cut off electric power to approaching motor-driven equipment if track switches, drop sections, and other movable track devices are not properly set for passage of equipment.

Electrical Interlock
An electrical device in the starter circuit which prevents a short circuit when opposite Bridge Crane Controls are operated at the same time.

Electrification
The track mounted conductor system by which the moving equipment receives its electrical power.

Emergency Brake
A method of decelerating a drive when power is not available. The braking effort may be established as a result of action by the operator, or automatically when power to the drive is interrupted.

Emergency Stop Switch
A manually or automatically operated electric switch to cut off electric power independently of the regular operating controls.

Enclosed Conductor
A conductor or group of conductors substantially enclosed to prevent accidental contact.

Enclosure
A housing to contain electrical components, usually specified by a NEMA classification number.

End Approach
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the outermost extremities of the crane and the centerline of the hook.

End Stop
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability.

End Tie
A structural member other than the end truck which connects the ends of the girders to maintain the squareness of the bridge.

End Truck
An assembly consisting of the frame and wheels which support the crane girder(s) and allow movement along the runway.

Equalizer
A device which compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope.

Exposed
Capable of being contacted inadvertently. Applied to hazardous objects not adequately guarded or isolated.

F

Fail-Safe
A provision designed to automatically stop or safely control any motion in which a malfunction occurs.

Field Wiring
The wiring required after erection of the crane.

Fixed Transfer Section (also known as crossover)
On a monorail, a connecting track with an interlock mechanism on both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one bridge to the other.

Fleet Angle
The angle formed by the wire rope and the drum groove or sheave groove in the plane which contains the wire rope and is parallel to the drum or sheave axis.

Floating cranes
Are used mainly in bridge building and port construction, but they are also used for occasional loading and unloading of especially heavy or awkward loads on and off ships. Some floating cranes are mounted on a pontoon, others are specialized crane barges with a lifting capacity exceeding 10,000 tons and have been used to transport entire bridge sections. Floating cranes have also been used to salvage sunken ships.

Floor-Operated Crane
A crane which is pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent platform.

Footwalk
The walkway with handrail, attached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes.

G

Gantry Crane
Similar to an overhead crane, except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rolls or other runway.
A gantry crane has a hoist in a fixed machinery house or on a trolley that runs horizontally along rails, usually fitted on a single beam (mono-girder) or two beams (twin-girder). The crane frame is supported on a gantry system with equalized beams and wheels that run on the gantry rail, usually perpendicular to the trolley travel direction. These cranes come in all sizes, and some can move very heavy loads, particularly the extremely large examples used in shipyards or industrial installations. A special version is the container crane (or "Portainer" crane, named by the first manufacturer), designed for loading and unloading ship-borne containers at a port.

Gantry Leg
The structural member which supports a bridge girder or end tie from the sill.

Gauge
The center-to-center distance between the load carrying flanges of the two crane girders of a double girder crane.

Ground Fault
An accidental conducting connection between the electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.

H

Hanger Rod" – Steel rods which, together with other fittings, are used to suspend the track from the supporting structure.

Hazardous Locations
Regulatory Locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids, or gases or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Class I locations: Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. Class 2 locations: Locations that are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust. Class 3 locations: Locations that are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitable fibers or filings, but in which such fibers or filings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures.

Headroom
The distance from the load point of the hook, at its upper most position, to the top of the hoist or crane.

Hoist
An apparatus which may be a part of a crane, exerting a force for lifting or lowering a freely suspended load.

Hoist
A device that applies a force for lifting or lowering

Hoist, lever operated
A lever-operated manual device used to lift, lower, or pull a load and to apply or release tension; commonly referred to as a come-along

Hoist, chain operated
A chain operated manual device used to lift or lower a load and to apply or release tension; commonly referred to as a chain-fall

Hoist Chain
The load bearing chain in a hoist.

Hoist Motion
That motion of a crane which raises and lowers a load.

Hoist Speed
The rate of motion that the load hook attains while lifting rated load.

Holding Brake
A brake that automatically prevents motion when power is off.

Hook Approach
The minimum horizontal distance between the center of the runway rail and the hook.

Hook Approach, End
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the centerline of the hook(s) and the face of the wall (or columns) at the end of the building.

Hook Approach, Side
The minimum horizontal distance, perpendicular to the runway, between the centerline of a hook (main or auxiliary) and the centerline of the runway rail.

Hook Suspended
Suspension of hoist from a trolley or rigid structure by means of a hook(s) at top of hoist.

Hot Metal Handling Crane
An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material.

Hydraulic Brake
A method of Bridge Crane controlling or reducing speed by means of displacement of a liquid.

I

Interlock Mechanism
A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two cranes or a crane to a crossover or spur track to permit the transfer of carriers from one crane or track to the other.

Interlocking Crane
A crane with an interlock mechanism on one or both ends enabling it to be mechanically locked to another crane, crossover, or spur track for the purpose of transferring a carrier from one to another.

Inspector, crane
Inspector qualified to inspect cranes, hoists, and miscellaneous lifting devices

Inspector, Plate V
Inspector qualified to perform Cal/OSHA Plate V certifications

Inspector, qualified
Person recognized for competence and whose qualification to perform specific inspection activities has been determined, verified, and documented

Idle Sprocket
A freely rotating device that changes the direction of the load chain.

Idler Girder
The bridge girder that does not have the bridge drive attached, but which usually carries the bridge conductors.

Idler Sheave
A sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of a rope. Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave.

Impact Allowance
See Impact Factor.

Impact Factor
Additional hook load assumed to result from the dynamic effect of the live load.

Inch (inching)
See “jog”. Often used incorrectly to refer to “creep speed”.

Insulation Class
Motor winding insulation rating which indicates its ability to withstand heat and moisture.

Inverter (Variable Frequency Drive)
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the fixed line voltage and frequency is changed to a three-phase system with infinitely variable voltage and frequency.

J

Jib Boom
A horizontal cantilever track for supporting the trolley (carrier).

Jib Crane
A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. Jib cranes are used in industrial premises and on military vehicles. The jib may swing through an arc, to give additional lateral movement, or be fixed. Similar cranes, often known simply as hoists, were fitted on the top floor of warehouse buildings to enable goods to be lifted to all floors.

Jog (inch)
To move the hook, trolley, or bridge in a series of short, discontinuous, increments by momentary operation of a Bridge Crane Controller.

K

Keeper
A device positioned on a hook to prevent the hook from inadvertently releasing.

KSI
Kips per square inch, measurement of stress intensity.

Kip
A unit of force, equivalent to 1000 pounds.

Knee Brace
The diagonal structural member joining the building column and roof truss.

L

Length
The distance between extreme end bearing points of the synthetic web tie down assembly including the fittings.

Level Luffing Crane
A level luffing crane is a crane mechanism where the hook remains at the same level whilst luffing; moving the jib up and down, so as to move the hook inwards and outwards relative to the base.[1]
Some types of crane are inherently level luffing: those with a fixed horizontal jib, such as gantry, hammerhead or the fixed-jib tower cranes commonly used in construction. Usually though, the description is only applied to those with a luffing jib that have some additional mechanism applied to keep the hook level when luffing.
Level luffing is most important when careful movement of a load near ground level is required, such as in construction or shipbuilding. This partially explains the popularity of fixed horizontal jibs in these fields.

Load Binder
A binder incorporating an over center locking action.

Load
The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

Load Block
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope.

Load Sprocket
A hoist component that transmits motion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel.

Loader Crane
A loader crane (also called a knuckle-boom crane or articulating crane ) is a hydraulically-powered articulated arm fitted to a truck or trailer, and is used for loading/unloading the vehicle. The numerous jointed sections can be folded into a small space when the crane is not in use. One or more of the sections may be telescopic. Often the crane will have a degree of automation and be able to unload or stow itself without an operator's instruction.
Unlike most cranes, the operator must move around the vehicle to be able to view his load; hence modern cranes may be fitted with a portable cabled or radio-linked control system to supplement the crane-mounted hydraulic control levers.
In the UK and Canada, this type of crane is almost invariably known colloquially as a "Hiab", partly because this manufacturer invented the loader crane and was first into the UK market, and partly because the distinctive name was displayed prominently on the boom arm.
A rolloader' crane is a loader crane mounted on a chassis with wheels. This chassis can ride on the trailer. Because the crane can move on the trailer, it can be a light crane, so the trailer is allowed to transport more goods.

Latch, Hook
A device used to bridge the throat opening of a hook.

Lateral Forces
Horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of the member being considered.

Lateral Hook Travel
The lateral movement of the load hook between its position at the upper limit of travel and its position at the lower limit of travel.

Left-hand End
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s left of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane.

Lift
The maximum vertical distance through which the load hook can travel, and the total allowable hook movement between its upper limit of travel and its position when at the lower limit of travel.

Lift, critical
A lift for which the application of requirements applicable to ordinary lifts would not adequately eliminate or control the likelihood or severity of the following:
Personnel injury or significant adverse health impact (on-site or off-site)
Significant release of radioactivity or other hazardous material or other undesirable conditions
Undetectable damage that would jeopardize future operations or the safety of a facility
Damage that would result in delay to schedule or other significant program impact such as loss of vital data
Lift, ordinary. All lifts that do not meet the requirements of critical or pre-engineered production

Lift, pre-engineered production
A repetitive, production-type lifting operation, independent of the nature of the load to be lifted, in which the probability of dropping, upset, or collision is reduced to a level acceptable to the responsible manager by preliminary engineering evaluation, specialized lifting fixtures, detailed procedures, operation-specific training, and independent review and approval of the entire process.

Lift plan
Pre-job plan or procedure for safely executing a lift

Lifting device
Includes a broad range of equipment used in hoisting and rigging activities:

Lift Cycle
Single lifting and lowering motion (with or without load).

Lift Limiting Device
An electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical device for limiting the upward or downward travel of the load hook at the extremities of lift. This device may limit lift at any point within the extremities of lift, if designed to be adjustable.

Limit Switch
A switch which is operated by some part or motion of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter the electric circuit associated with the machine or equipment.

M

Main Line Disconnect
The controller used to isolate power to the hoisting equipment.

Magnet
An electromagnetic device carried on a crane hook to pick up loads magnetically.

Magnetic Contactor
An electro-magnetic device for opening and closing an electric power circuit.

Main Hoist
The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load of the crane.

Main Switch (Crane Disconnect)
A switch on the crane bridge controlling the main power supply from the runway conductors.

Man Trolley
A trolley having an operator's cab attached thereto.

Manually Operated Crane
A crane whose hoist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, or whose travel mechanism is driven in the same manner or by manually moving the load or hook.

Master Switch
A switch which dominates the operation of contactors, relays, or other remotely operated devices.

Mechanical Brake
A method of speed control by friction.

Mechanical Load Brake
An automatic type of friction brake used for Bridge Crane controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor or hand chain wheel to lower a load but does not impose any additional load on the motor or hand chain wheel when lifting a load.

N

Non-destructive examination
The development and application of technical methods to examine materials or components in ways that do not impair future usefulness and serviceability in order to detect, locate, measure, and evaluate discontinuities, defects, and other imperfections; assess integrity, properties, and composition; and measure geometrical characteristics

Non-destructive test
Testing that does not destroy or damage the item. Examples include magnetic particle, ultrasonic, liquid penetration, or radiographic testing.

O

Overhead Crane
A crane with a movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting device that travels on a fixed runway.
Also known as a 'suspended crane', this type of crane work very similar to a gantry crane but instead of the whole crane moving, only the hoist / trolley assembly moves in one direction along one or two fixed beams, often mounted along the side walls or on elevated columns in the assembly area of factory. Some of these cranes can lift very heavy loads.

P

Parts (Lines)
Number of lines of rope supporting the load block or hook.

Patented Track
A generic term referring to crane and monorail equipment built in accordance with the MMA specification utilizing a composite track section incorporating a proprietary bottom flange shape.

Pawl
A device for holding the machinery against undesired rotation by engaging a ratchet.

Pendant Pushbutton Station
Means suspended from the crane operating the Bridge Crane Controllers from the floor or other level beneath the crane.

Person, authorized
A person at SLAC who has completed the required training and is authorized to perform the work

Person, designated
An individual selected or assigned as being qualified to perform specific duties

Person, qualified
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated an ability and competence to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work

Person-in-charge
A qualified person responsible for the safe planning and performance of a critical lift

Plate V certification
A Cal/OSHA specified safety inspection in accordance with 8 CCR 5022 (a) through (d) performed on mobile cranes and cranes, hoists, and miscellaneous lifting devices exceeding three tons

Pitch Diameter
Distance of the diameter of a drum or sheave from center to center of a rope passed about the periphery.

Plain Reversing Bridge Crane Control
A reversing Bridge Crane Control which has identical characteristics for both directions of motor rotation.

Plugging
A Bridge Crane Control function which accomplishes braking by reversing the motor line voltage polarity or phase sequence.

Plugging Relay
A current relay used on a bridge or trolley Bridge Crane Control panel which senses current in the motor secondary circuit of an alternating current motor and limits reverse torque of the motor to the first Bridge Crane Control point until the motor rotation has stopped (Sometimes called an anti- plugging relay.)

Pneumatic Brake
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or powering a drive or brake by means of compressed gas.

Power-Operated Crane
A crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, air, hydraulic, or internal combustion means.

Primary Upper Limit Device
the first device that, when actuated, limits hoisting motion in the upward direction.

Protective Panel
An assembly containing overload and undervoltage protection for all crane motions.

Proof Test load (Proof Load):
The term "Proof Test" designates a quality control test applied to the product for the sole purpose of detecting defects in material or manufacture. The Proof Test Load (usually twice the Working Load Limit) is the load which the product withstood without deformation when new and under laboratory test conditions. A constantly increasing force is applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of speed in a standard pull testing machine. The Proof Test Load does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.

Pulpit-Operated Crane
A crane operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane.

Pulley
A pulley (also called a block and tackle) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between two flanges around the wheel's circumference. A rope, cable , belt or chain usually runs inside the groove. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or rotational system of motion.

Q

R

Rail Sweep
A device attached to the crane and located in front of the crane’s leading wheels to push aside loose obstructions.

Rail, Bridge
The track supported by the bridge girder(s), on which the trolley travels.

Rail, Runway
The track supported by the runway beams, on which the crane travels.

Railroad crane
Is a crane with flanged wheels, used by railroads. The simplest form is just a crane mounted on a railroad car or on a flatcar. More capable devices are purpose-built.

Rated Load
The maximum load for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and shown on the equipment nameplate(s).

Reach
Is equal to lift plus headroom.

Reeving
The reeving of the hoist is the path of the rope between the hoist and the load block.

Regenerative Brake
A form of dynamic braking in which the electrical energy generated is fed back into the power system.

Regulated Speed
A function which tends to maintain constant motor speed for any load for a given speed setting of the Bridge Crane Controller.

Remote-Operated Crane
A crane controlled by an operator not in a pulpit or in the cab attached to the crane, by any method other than pendant or rope control.

Right-hand End
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s right of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane.

RMG
Rail Mounted Gantry crane

RTG
Rubber Tired Gantry crane

Rope
Refers to wire rope, unless otherwise specified.

Rotary Switch
On a monorail, a track switch with a movable inner frame containing straight and/or curve sections of track. The inner frame can be rotated around a vertical axis to align these tracks with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another.

Rough Terrain Crane
A crane mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires that is designed for pick-and-carry operations and for off-road and "rough terrain" applications. Outriggers that extend horizontally and vertically are used to level and stabilize the crane for hoisting.
These telescopic cranes are single-engine machines where the same engine is used for powering the undercarriage as is used for powering the crane, similar to a crawler crane. However, in a rough terrain crane, the engine is usually mounted in the undercarriage rather than in the upper, like the crawler crane.

Running Sheave
A sheave which rotates as the load block is raised or lowered.

Runway
An assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framework on which the crane or trolley travels.

Runway Disconnect Switch
A switch, usually at floor level, controlling the main power supply to the runway conductors.

Runway Girder
A horizontal beam attached to the building columns or wall, and supporting a runway rail on which the crane travels.

Runway Rail
The rail supported by the runway beams on which the bridge travels.

S

Shock Load
A load resulting from rapid change of movement, such as impacting, jerking or swinging of a static load. Sudden release of tension is another form of shock loading. Shock loads are generally significantly greater than static loads. Any shock loading must be considered when selecting the item for use in a system.
Avoid shock loads as they may exceed the Working Load Limit.

Semi-gantry Crane
A gantry crane with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run along a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge supported by a truck running on an elevated runway or rail.

Self-erecting Crane
Generally a type of tower crane, these cranes, also called self-assembling or "Kangaroo" cranes, lift themselves off the ground using jacks, allowing the next section of the tower to be inserted at ground level or lifted into place by the partially erected crane itself. They can thus be assembled without outside help, or can grow together with the building or structure they are erecting.

S Section
A standard beam shape as defined by the American Institute of Steel Construction.

Safety Factor
Safety factor of a line is the ratio between the breaking strength and the safe working load. Usually, a safety factor of four is acceptable, but this is not always the case. In other words, the safety factor will vary, depending on such things as the condition of the line and circumstances under which it is to be used. While the safety factor should NEVER be less than three, it often should be well above four (possibly as high as eight or ten).

Safety Lug
A mechanical device fixed securely to the end truck or trolley yoke which will limit the fall of the crane or carrier in case of wheel or axle failure.

Shackle
A shackle (also called gyve) is a U-shaped piece of metal secured with a pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism. They are used as a connecting link in all manner of rigging systems, from boats and ships to industrial crane rigging. A carabiner is a variety of shackle used in mountaineering.

Service Platform
A means provided for workers to perform maintenance, inspections, adjustments, and repairs of cranes.

Selvage
The woven or knitted edge of synthetic webbing, so formed to prevent raveling.

Sew/Stitch Pattern
The pattern of the stitches used to sew the webbing together.

Shoring Bar
A structural section placed transversely between the walls of a vehicle to prevent cargo from tipping or shifting.

Stuffer
A longitudinal load bearing yarn in webbing.

Sheave
A grooved wheel or pulley used with a rope or chain to change direction and point of application of a pulling force.
A sheave (pronounced "shiv") is a wheel or roller with a groove along its edge for holding a belt, rope or cable. When hung between two supports and equipped with a belt, rope or cable, one or more sheaves make up a pulley. The words sheave and pulley are sometimes used interchangeably.

Side pull
That portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

Sidelifter crane
Is a road going truck or semi-trailer that is able to hoist and transport ISO standard containers. Lifting of containers is achieved through the use of parallel crane like hoists, which can be used to lift a container from the ground, or from a railway vehicle.

Simple Beam
A structural member supported and unrestrained at each end and subjected to loads acting transversely to its longitudinal axis.

Single-Girder Crane" – A crane having one bridge girder mounted between, and supported from, the end trucks.

Skewing Forces
Lateral forces on the bridge truck wheels caused by the bridge girders not running perpendicular to the runways. Some normal skewing occurs in all bridges.

Storage Bridge Crane
A gantry type crane of long span usually used for bulk storage of material; the bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or non-rigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends.

Span
The horizontal distance center to center of runway rails.

Splice
A mechanical device used to join the adjacent ends of track sections.

Spring Return
A device used on a manual Bridge Crane Controller, master switch, or pushbutton to cause the unit to return automatically to the neutral position, when released by the operator.

Stacker Crane
A crane with a forklift type mechanism used in automated (computer controlled) warehouses (known as an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS)). The crane moves on a track in an aisle of the warehouse. The fork can be raised or lowered to any of the levels of a storage rack and can be extended into the rack to store and retrieve product. The product can in some cases be as large as an automobile. Stacker cranes are often used in the large freezer warehouses of frozen food manufacturers. This automation avoids requiring forklift drivers to work in below freezing temperatures every day.

Standby Crane
A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

Standby Equipment
Equipment that is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

Static Bridge Crane Control
A method of switching electrical circuits without the use of contacts.

Stop
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability.

Strength, Average Ultimate
The average tensile force per unit of cross sectional area required to rupture the material as determined by test.

Stress
Load or force per unit area tending to deform the material usually expressed in pound per square inch.

Stripper
A device that aids the load chain in leaving the load sprocket.

Structural Supports
Structural members provided for the support of runways or monorail track and switches.

STS
Ship te Shore crane. A container crane (also container handling gantry crane, ship-to-shore crane ) is a design of large dockside gantry cranes found at container terminals for loading and unloading shipping containers from container ships.
Container cranes consistent of a supporting framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard, and a moving platform called a "spreader". The spreader can be lowered down on top of a container and locks on to the container's four locking points ("cornercastings"), using a "twistlock" mechanism. Cranes normally transport a single container at once, however some newer cranes have the capability to up pick up up to four 20' containers at once.
The crane is driven by an operator that sits in a cabin suspend from the trolley. The trolley runs along rails that are located on top or sides of the boom and girder. The operator runs the trolley over the ship to lift the cargo which generally are containers. Once the spreader latches (locks) on to the container with the Spreader, the container is lifted and moved over the dock and placed (discharged) on a truck chassis (trailer) to then be taken to the storage yard. The crane will also lift containers from the chassis to store (load) them on to the ship.
Straddle carriers, sidelifts or container lorries then manoeuvre underneath the crane base, and collect the containers—rapidly moving the containers away from the dock and to a storage yard.

Straddle Carrier
A Straddle Carrier is a non road going vehicle for use in port terminals and intermodal yards used for stacking and moving ISO standard containers. Straddles pick and carry containers while straddling their load and connecting to the top lifting points. These machines have the ability to stack containers up to 4 high. These are capable of relatively low speeds (up to 30 km/h) with a laden container.

Supporting Structure
The structure used for the support of a monorail or crane system.

Suspension Fittings
Fittings used to attach the track to the supporting structure.

Sweep
Maximum lateral deviation from straightness of a structural member, measured at right angles to the Y-Y axis.

Switch
A device for making, breaking, or for changing the connections in an electric circuit.

T

Tower Crane
A vertical crane with a horizontal boom. The boom is balanced asymmetrically across the top of the tower. Its short arm carries a counterweight while the long arm carries the lifting gear.

Tagline
An electrical conductor system employing flexible cables.

TENC
Totally enclosed fan cooled.

TENV
Totally enclosed non-ventilated.

Telescopic crane
A telescopic crane has a boom that consists of a number of tubes fitted one inside the other. A hydraulic or other powered mechanism extends or retracts the tubes to increase or decrease the total length of the boom. These types of booms are often used for short term construction projects, rescue jobs, lifting boats in and out of the water, etc. The relative compactness of telescopic booms make them adaptable for many mobile applications.
Note that while telescopic cranes are not automatically mobile cranes, many of them are. These are often truck-mounted.

Tirfors
Also commonly known as griphoists are winches that instead of using spools to move rope or wire through the winch use self-gripping jaws. Powered by moving a handle back and forth they allow one person to move objects several tons in weight.

Tongue Switch
On a monorail, a track switch containing one straight section of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swung to various positions to connect with fixed tracks for routing of carriers.

Top Running Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on rails attached to the top of the crane runway.

Torque, Full Load (motor)
The torque produced by a motor operating at its rated horsepower and speed.

Torque, Locked Rotor
The minimum torque which a squirrel- cage motor will develop at rest, for all angular positions of the rotor, with rated voltage applied at rated frequency. Not applicable to wound-rotor (slipring) motors.

Torque, Motor Breakdown
The maximum torque which a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor (slip-ring) motor will develop with rated voltage applied at rated frequency, without an abrupt drop in speed.

Torque, Motor Full Load
The torque developed by an electric motor (A.C. or D.C.) to produce its rated horsepower at rated full load speed.

Torque, Motor Pull Up
The minimum torque developed by a squirrel cage or wound rotor (slip-ring) motor during the period of acceleration from rest to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs. For squirrel cage motors with 8% or greater slip, the pull up torque, the breakdown torque, and the starting torque are all equal and occur at zero speed.

Torsional Box Girder
Girder in which the trolley rail is located over one web.

Torsional Forces
Forces which can cause twisting of a member.

Tower Crane
The tower crane is a modern form of balance crane. Fixed to the ground (and sometimes attached to the sides of structures as well), tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.
The jib (colloquially, the 'boom') and counter-jib are mounted to the turntable, where the slewing bearing and slewing machinery are located. The counter-jib carries a counterweight, usually of concrete blocks, while the jib suspends the load from the trolley. The Hoist motor and transmissions are located on the mechanical deck on the counter-jib, while the trolley motor is located on the jib. The crane operator either sits in a cabin at the top of the tower or controls the crane by radio remote control from the ground. In the first case the operator's cabin is most usually located at the top of the tower attached to the turntable, but can be mounted on the jib, or partway down the tower. The lifting hook is operated by using electric motors to manipulate wire rope cables through a system of sheaves.
In order to hook and unhook the loads, the operator usually works in conjunction with a signaller (known as a 'rigger' or 'swamper'). They are most often in radio contact, and always use hand signals. The rigger directs the schedule of lifts for the crane, and is responsible for the safety of the rigging and loads.

Track Capacity
The design load which consists of the rated load, impact allowance and load imposed by the weight of the equipment.

Track Switch
On a monorail, a device with a moving section of track that can be moved to permit passage of a carrier from incoming fixed track(s) to outgoing fixed track(s).

Tractor Drive
A motor-driven unit supported from wheels and propelled by drive wheel or wheels bearing on the underside of the track.

Trolley
The unit which travels on the bridge rails and carries the hoisting mechanism (also known as a “carrier”).

Trolley Frame
The basic structure of the trolley on which are mounted the hoisting and traversing mechanisms.

Trolley Speed
Trolley speed is the rate of motion that a motor operated trolley (and hoist) attains while traveling along a beam.

Trolley Suspended
Suspension of hoist from a trolley. Hoist can be connected to trolley by hook, clevis, or lug suspension, or the hoist can be integral with trolley.

Trolley travel
The trolley movement at right angles to the crane runway.

Truck
The unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles which support the bridge girders or trolleys.

True Vertical Lift
In true vertical lift, the load hook travels in a true vertical path between the lower limit of lift and the upper limit of lift.

Turntable
On a monorail, a track device with a movable inner frame containing a straight section of track which can be rotated with a loaded carrier on it to align the section of track with other tracks for the transfer of carriers from one track to another.

Two Blocking
Condition under which the load block or load suspended from the hook becomes jammed against the crane structure preventing further winding up of the hoist drum.

U

Under Running Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on track attached to the bottom flanges of the beams; or supported on bottom flanges of beams. These beams make up the crane runway.

Undervoltage Protection
A device operative on the reduction or failure of voltage to cause and maintain the interruption of power in the main circuit.

Upper Block
A fixed block located on a trolley that, through a system of sheaves, bearings, pins, and frame, supports the load block and its load.

V

Variable Frequency
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage and frequency can be adjusted.

Voltage Drop
The loss of voltage in an electric conductor between supply tap and load tap.

W

W Section
A wide flange beam shape as defined by the American Institute of Steel Construction.

Wall Crane
A crane having a jib with or without trolley and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or columns.

Web Plate
The vertical plate connecting the upper and lower flanges or cover plates of a girder.

Wheel Load
The load without impact on any wheel with the trolley and lifted load (rated capacity) positioned on the bridge to give maximum loading.

Wheel Yoke
A frame on which a pair of carrier (trolley) wheels are mounted.

Wheelbase
Distance from center-to-center of outermost wheels.

Winch
A device for tensioning a webbing or wire rope tie down that is fitted with means to lock the initial tension.

Working Load Limit
The maximum load capacity hat any given component or assembly should be subject to during use. US Cargo Control highly recommends the ‘’ working load limit’’ does not exceed 1/3 the ‘’breaking strength capacity’’ of the component or assembly being used. Working load limits shown on this website are rated at 1/3 of the minimum breaking strength.

X

Y

Z

PORT AND SHIPPING TERMINOLOGY - MARITIME GLOSSARY

2009-05-05T18:49:00.000-07:00

A

AFT
In, near, or toward the stern of the vessel.

ALONGSIDE
A phrase referring to the side of a ship. Goods delivered "alongside" are to be placed on the dock or barge within reach of the transport ship's tackle so that they can be loaded.

ASTERN
A backward direction in the line of a vessel's fore and aft line; behind. If a vessel moves backwards it is said to move astern; opposite to ahead.

B

BACKFREIGHT
The owners of a ship are entitled to payment as freight for merchandise returned through the fault of either the consignees or the consignors. Such payment, which is over and above the normal freight, is called backfreight.

BACKHAUL
To haul a shipment back over part of a route that it has already traveled; return movement of cargo, usually opposite from the direction of its primary cargo destination.

BAGGED CARGO
Various kinds of commodities usually packed in sacks or in bags, such as sugar, cement, milk powder, onion, grain, flour, etc.

BALLAST
Heavy substances loaded by a vessel to improve stability, trimming, sea-keeping and to increase the immersion at the propeller. Sea water ballast is commonly loaded in most vessels in ballast tanks, positioned in compartments right at the bottom and in some cases on the sides, called wing tanks. On a tanker, ballast is seawater that is taken into the cargo tanks to submerge the vessel to a proper trim.

BALLAST KEEL
A heavy keel fitted to sailing vessels to lower the center of gravity and improve stability.

BALLAST MOVEMENT
A voyage or voyage leg made without any paying cargo in a vessel's tanks. To maintain proper stability, trim, or draft, sea water is usually carried during such movements.

BALLAST TANK
Compartments at the bottom of a ship or on the sides which are filled with liquids for stability and to make the ship seaworthy. Any shipboard tank or compartment on a tanker normally used for carrying salt-water ballast. When these compartments or tanks are not connected with the cargo system they are called segregated ballast tanks or systems.

BARE BOAT CHARTER
A charter in which the bare ship is chartered without crew; the charterer, for a stipulated sum taking over the vessel for a stated period of time, with a minimum of restrictions; the charterer appoints the master and the crew and pays all running expenses. See Demise Charter.

BARGE
Flat-bottomed boat designed to carry cargo on inland waterways, usually without engines or crew accommodations. Barges can be lashed together and either pushed or pulled by tugs, carrying cargo of 60,000 tons or more. Small barges for carrying cargo between ship and shore are known as lighters.

BARGE ABOARD CATAMARAN
A way of loading cargo into large barges and then in turn loading the barges into a ship.

BARGE CARRIERS
Ships designed to carry either barges or containers exclusively, or some variable number of barges and containers simultaneously. Currently this class includes two types of vessels, the LASH and the SEABEE.

BEAM
The width of a ship.Also called breadth.

BELT LINE
A switching railroad operating within a port or other commercial area.

BERTH
A place in which a vessel is moored or secured; place alongside a quay where a ship loads or discharges cargo.

BERTH TERM
Shipped under a rate that does not include the cost of loading or unloading.

BERTHAGE
Charges for the use of a berth.

BUILD-OWN-OPERATE (BOO)
A form of project wherein a private party or consortium agrees to finance, construct, operate, and maintain a facility previously owned and/or operated by a public authority. The concessionaire retains ownership of the facility. The concessionaire bears the commercial risk of operating the facility.

BILL OF LADING
A document that establishes the terms of contract between a shipper and a transportation company. It serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage, and a receipt for goods.

BLACK CARGO
Cargo banned by general cargo workers for some reason. This ban could be because the cargo is dangerous or hazardous to health.

BLACK GANG
A slang expression referring to the personnel in the engine department aboard ship.

BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

BOATSWAIN (BOSUN)
The highest unlicensed rating in the deck department who has immediate charge of all deck hands and who in turn comes under the direct orders of the master or chief mate or mate.

BOILERS
Steam generating units used aboard ship to provide steam for propulsion (and) for heating and other auxiliary purposes.

BOW
The front of a vessel.

BOW THRUSTERS
A propeller at the lower sea-covered part of the bow of the ship which turns at right angles to the fore-and-aft line and thus provides transverse thrust as a maneuvering aid.

BOGIE
A set of wheels built specifically as rear wheels under a sea container.

BULKHEAD
A structure to resist water; a partition separating one part of a ship from another part.

BOND PORT
Port of a vessel’s initial customs entry to any country; also known as first port of call.

BONDED WAREHOUSE
A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.

BULK
Cargo shipped in loose condition and of a homogeneous nature. Cargoes that are shipped unpackaged either dry, such as grain and ore, or liquid, such as petroleum products. Bulk service generally is not provided on a regularly scheduled basis, but rather as needed, on specialized ships, transporting a specific commodity.

BULK CARRIER
Ship specifically designed to transport vast amounts of cargoes such as sugar, grain, wine, ore, chemicals, liquefied natural gas; coal and oil. See also LNG Carrier, Tanker, OBO Ship.

BULKHEAD
A name given to any vertical partition which separates different compartments or spaces from one another.

BUNKERS
Fuel consumed by the engines of a ship; compartments or tanks in a ship for fuel storage.

BUOY - A floating object employed as an aid to mariners to mark the navigable limits of channels, their fairways, sunken dangers, isolated rocks, telegraph cables, and the like; floating devices fixed in place at sea, lake or river as reference points for navigation or for other purposes.

BUNKERS
Fuel used aboard ships.

BREAK BULK
Loose, non-containerized cargo stowed directly into a ship’s hold; to unload and distribute a portion or all of the contents of a container.

BROKER
A person who arranges for transportation of loads for a percentage of the revenue from the load.

BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER (BOT)
A form of concession wherein a private party or consortium agrees to finance, construct, operate, and maintain a facility for a specified period and then transfer the facility to a government or other public authority. The concessionaire bears the commercial risk of operating the facility.

C

CARFLOAT
A barge equipped with tracks on which railroad cars are moved by water.

CARGO TONNAGE
Ocean freight is frequently billed on the basis of weight or measurement tons. Weight tons can be expressed in terms of short tons of 2000 pounds, long tons of 2240 pounds, or metric tons of 1000 kilograms (2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons are usually expresses as cargo measurement of 40 cubic feet (1.12 cubic meters) or cubic meters (35.3 cubic feet).

CARRIER
Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by sea, inland waterway, rail, road, air, or by a combination of such modes.

CABOTAGE
Shipments between ports of a single nation, frequently reserved to national flag vessels of that nation.

CONCESSION
An arrangement whereby a private party (concessionaire) leases assets from a public authority for an extended period and has responsibility for financing specified new fixed investments during the period and for providing specified services associated with the assets; in return, the concessionaire receives specified revenues from the operation of the assets; the assets revert to the public sector at expiration of the contract.

CARTAGE
Intra-port or local hauling of cargo by drays or trucks; also referred to as drayage.

CHASSIS
A frame with wheels and container locking devises to secure the container for movement.

CONSERVANCY
In some countries, this fee is levied to retain upkeep of the approaches to waterways and canals.

CLASSIFICATION YARD
A railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling freight trains.

CONSOLIDATION
Cargo containing shipments of two or more shoppers of suppliers. Containerload shipments may be consolidated for one or more consignees.

CLEANING IN TRANSIT
The stopping of articles (such as farm products) for cleaning at a point between the point of origin and destination.

CONTAINER
A truck trailer body that can be detached from the chassis for loading onto a vessel, a rail car, or stacked in a container depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid, dry bulk, or other special configurations. Typical containers may be 20 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet, or 53 feet in length, 8 feet or 8.5 feet in width, and 8.5 feet or 9.5 feet in height.

CLEARANCE
The size beyond which vessels, cars, or loads cannot pass through, under, or over bridges, tunnels, highways, etc.

CLEAT
A device secured on the floor of a container to provide additional support or strength to a cargo-restraining device, or a device attached to a wharf to secure mooring lines.

CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS)
A shipping dock where cargo is loaded ("stuffed") into or unloaded ("stripped") from containers. Container reloading to/from sea containers to rail and motor carrier equipment is an activity typically performed in a container freight station.

COMMON CARRIER
A transportation company that provides service to the general public at published rates.

CONTAINER POOL
An agreement between parties that allows the efficient use and supply of containers; a common supply of containers available to the shipper as required.

CUSTOMHOUSE
A government office where duties are paid, documents filed, etc., on foreign shipments.

CUSTOMS BROKER
A person or firm, licensed by the customs authority of their country when required, engaged in entering and clearing goods through customs for a client (importer).

CONTAINERSHIP
Ship equipped with cells into which containers can be stacked; containerships may be full or partial, depending on whether all or only some of its compartments are fitted with container cells.

CUT-OFF TIME (CLOSING TIME)
The latest time a container may be delivered to a terminal for loading to a scheduled vessel, train, or truck.

CONTAINER TERMINAL
An area designated for the stowage of cargo in containers, usually accessible by truck, railroad, and marine transportation, where containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained, and housed.

CONTAINER YARD
A materials handling/storage facility used for completely unitized loads in containers and/or empty containers.

CONTRABAND
Cargo that is prohibited.

CONTRACT CARRIER DOCK
Any person not a common carrier who, under special and individual contracts or agreements, transports passengers or cargo for compensation. For ships, a cargo handling area parallel to the shoreline.

CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
Sophisticated, computer controlled systems that manage the mixture of gases within a container throughout an intermodal journey, thereby reducing decay.

D

DAILY RUNNING COST
Cost per day of operating a ship.

DECONSOLIDATION POINT
Place where loose or other non-containerized cargo is ungrouped for delivery.

DEMURRAGE
The delay of a vessel or detention of a shipment beyond the stipulated time allowed for loading or unloading; the resulting payment to the owner for such delay or detention.

DUNNAGE
Material used in stowing cargo either for separation or the prevention of damage

DRAFT
The depth of a loaded vessel in the water, taken from the level of the waterline, to the lowest point of the hull of the vessel; depth of water, or distance between the bottom of the ship and the water line. Also referred to as draught.

DREDGING
Removal of sediment to deepen access channels, provide turning basins for ships, and adequate water depth along waterside facilities.

DRAYAGE
Charge made for local hauling by dray or truck.

DRY-BULK CONTAINER
A container constructed to carry grain, powder and other free-flowing solids in bulk. Used in conjunction with a tilt chassis or platform.

DRY CARGO
Merchandise other than liquid carried in bulk.

DRY CARGO SHIP
Vessel which carriers all merchandise, excluding liquid in bulk.

DRY DOCK
An enclosed basin into which a ship is taken for underwater cleaning and repairing. It is fitted with water tight entrance gates which when closed permit the dock to be pumped dry.

DRY BULK
Low density cargo, such as agri-food products, fertilizers and ores, that are transported in bulk carriers.

DUAL PURPOSE SHIP
Specially constructed ship able to carry different types of cargoes such as ore and/or oil.

DUMPING
Attempting to import merchandise into a country at a price less than the fair market value, usually through subsidy by exporting country.

DUNNAGE
A term applied to loose wood or other material used in a ship's hold for the protection of cargo.

E

ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival

ETD
Estimated Time of Departure

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
Transmission of transactional data between computer systems.

EDIFACT
Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Trade. International data interchange standards sponsored by the United Nations.

EMINENT DOMAIN
The sovereign power to take property for a necessary public use, with reasonable compensation.

Empty Container Handler
Empty container handler Name given to any truck dedicated to handling empty containers in a port or terminal. Commonly it is a frontlift truck which has a capacity much lower than a truck designed to lift laden containers. It is generally capable of stacking containers three or four high and some models can stack six high.

F

FOREIGN TRADE ZONE
A free port in a country divorced from customs authority but under government control. Merchandise, except contraband, may be stored in the zone without being subject to import duty regulations.

FORTY-FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS (FEUS)
Unit of measurement equivalent to one fortyfoot container. Two twenty-foot containers (TEUs) equal one FEU. Container vessel capacity and port throughput capacity are frequently referred to in FEUs or TEUs.

FORCE MAJEURE
The title of a common clause in contracts, exempting the parties for non-fulfillment of their obligations as a result of conditions beyond their control, such as earthquakes, floods, or war.

FREIGHT, DEMURRAGE AND DEFENSE
Class of insurance provided by a protection and indemnity club that covers legal costs incurred by a ship owner in connection with claims arising from the operation of his ship.

FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION
Method of paying the freight often used for shipment of bulk cargo whose weight is established on discharge from the ship.

FEEDER SERVICE
Transport service whereby loaded or empty containers in a regional area are transferred to a "mother ship" for a long-haul ocean voyage.

FIXED COSTS
Costs that do not vary with the level of activity. Some fixed costs continue even if no cargo is carried; for example, terminal leases, rent, and property taxes.

FREIGHT FORWARDER
Person or company who arranges for the carriage of goods and associated formalities on behalf of a shipper. The duties of a forwarder include booking space on a ship, providing all the necessary documentation and arranging Customs clearance.

FREE TRADE ZONE
A zone, often within a port (but not always so located), designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, etc., with the zone and re-exported without duties being applied. Also referred to as free port.

G

GANTRY CRANE
A crane or hoisting machine moored on a frame or structure spanning an intervening space, and designed to hoist containers into our out of a ship.

GATEWAY
A point at which freight moving from one territory to another is interchanged between transportation lines.

GROUNDING
Deliberate contact by a ship with the bottom while the ship is moored or anchored as a result of the water level dropping or when approaching the coast as a result of a navigational error.

GROUPAGE
The grouping together of several compatible consignments into a full container load. Also referred to as consolidation.

H

HARBOR DUES
Various local charges against all seagoing vessels entering a harbor, to cover maintenance of channel depths, buoys, lights, etc. All harbors do not necessarily have this charge.

HARBOR MASTER
A person usually having the experience of a certificated master mariner and having a good knowledge of the characteristics of the port and its whole area. He administers the entire shipping movements that take place in and within reach of the port he is responsible for.

HARD AGROUND
A vessel which has gone aground and is incapable of refloating under her own power

HEAVY LIFT CHARGE
A charge made for lifting articles too heavy to be lifted by a ship’s tackle.

HARBOUR DUES
Port charges to a vessel for each harbour entry, usually on a per gross registered ton basis for commercial vessels.

HOLD
A ship’s interior storage compartment.

I

IN BOND
Cargo moving under customs control where duty has not yet been paid.

INDUCEMENT
Placing a port on a vessel’s itinerary because the volume of cargo offered by that port justifies the cost of routing the vessel.

INLAND CARRIER
A transportation company that hauls export or import traffic between ports and inland points.

INTERMODAL
Movement of cargo containers interchangeably between transport modes where the equipment is compatible within the multiple systems.

J

JACOB'S LADDER
A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel and used for boarding.

JETTY
Structure projecting out to sea, designed to protect a port from the force of the waves but also used to berth ships.

JUMBOISING
Conversion of a ship to increase cargo-carrying capacity by dividing and adding a new section.

K

KEEL
A flat steel plate running along the center line of a vessel.

KEELAGE
Dues paid by a ship making use of certain British ports.

KNOT
Measure of speed of a ship, equal to one nautical mile (1,852 meters) per hour.

L

LADEN
Loaded aboard a vessel.

LAID-UP TONNAGE
Ships not in active service; a ship which is out of commission for fitting out, awaiting better markets, needing work for classification, etc.

LAKER
Type of ship which trades only in the Great Lakes of North America. They usually carry grain and ore cargoes.

LANDBRIDGE
A system of through rates and service offered by a carrier for cargo shipments from a foreign port to a U.S. port, across U.S. land to another U.S. port and finally by sea to a foreign port destination.

LASH
Abbreviation for "Lighter Aboard Ship." A specially constructed vessel equipped with an overhead crane for lifting specially designed barges and stowing them into cellular slots on the vessel.

LASH
Lighter aboard ship: A barge carrier designed to act as a shuttle between ports, taking on and discharging barges.

LASH SHIPS
LASH stand for Lighter Aboard Ship. It is a specialized container ship carrying very large floating containers, or "lighters." The ship carries its own massive crane, which loads and discharges the containers over the stern. The lighters each have a capacity of 400 tons and are stowed in the holds and on deck. While the ship is at sea with one set of lighters, further sets can be made ready. Loading and discharge are rapid at about 15 minutes per lighter, no port or dock facilities are needed, and the lighters can be grouped for pushing by towboats along inland waterways.

LINE HAUL
The movement of freight over the tracks of a transportation line from one city to another.

LIMITED RECOURSE FINANCING
Project financing in which sponsors or governments agree to provide contingent financial support to give lenders extra comfort; typically provided during the construction and start-up period of a project, which is generally the riskiest time in the life of an infrastructure project.

LINER
A vessel sailing between specified ports on a regular basis.

LADEN DRAUGHT
Depth of water to which a ship is immersed when fully loaded.

LLOYDS’ REGISTRY
An organization maintained for the surveying and classing of ships so that insurance underwriters and others may know the quality and condition of the vessels involved.

LANDLORD PORT
An institutional structure whereby the port authority or other relevant public agency retains ownership of the land, as well as responsibility for maintaining approach channels and navigation aids; under this model, the port does not engage in any operational activities.

LONGSHOREMAN
Individual employed locally in a port to load and unload ships.

LEASE-DEVELOP-OPERATE (LDO)
A form of concession wherein, under a longterm lease, a private company upgrades and expands an existing facility and manages its cash flows. The public authority holds title to the facility throughout the concession period and receives lease payments on the assets.

LO-LO (LIFT ON/LIFT OFF)
A type of vessel that allows cargo to be loaded or unloaded by either ship or shore cranes.

LIGHTER
An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and used primarily to harbors and inland waterways to carry cargo to/from alongside a vessel.

M

MAIN DECK
The main continuous deck of a ship running from fore to aft; the principle deck; the deck from which the freeboard is determined.

MALPRACTICE
A carrier giving a customer illegal preference to attract cargo. This can take the form of a money refund (rebate); using lower figures than actual for the assessment of freight charges (undercubing); misdeclaration of the commodity shipped to allow the assessment of a lower tariff rate; waiving published tariff charges for demurrage, CFS handling or equalization; providing specialized equipment to a shipper to the detriment of other shippers, etc.

MANIFEST
A document containing a full list of the ship's cargo, extracted from the bills of lading.

MEZZANINE FINANCING
A mix of financing instruments, including equity, subordinated debt, completion guarantees, and bridge financing, the balance of which changes as the risk profile of a project changes; i.e., as a project moves beyond construction into operation.

MARITIME
Business pertaining to commerce or navigation transacted upon the sea or in seaports in such matters as the court of admiralty has jurisdiction.

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION (MarAd )
Oversees subsidy programs to the United States Merchant Marine. Assigns routes to subsidized liners.

MARPOL 73/78
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978.

MASTHEAD LIGHT
A white light positioned over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.

MIXED CARGO
Two or more products carried on board one ship.

MOBILE CRANE
General purpose crane capable of being moved from one part of a port to another.

MOOR
To attach a ship to the shore by ropes.

N

NATIONAL CARGO BUREAU
A private organization having representatives throughout the main harbors in the U.S. It is empowered to inspect cargoes of a hazardous nature and issue certificates which are automatically approved by the Coast Guard.

NATIONAL FLAG
The flag carried by a ship to show her nationality.

NAUTICAL MILE
Distance of one minute of longitude at the equator, approximately 6,076.115 feet. The metric equivalent is 1852 meters.

NAVSAC
Navigation Safety Advisory Council, an industry advisory body to the U.S. Coast Guard.

NDRF
National Defense Reserve Fleet.

NEOBULK
Shipments consisting entirely of units of a single commodity, such as cars, lumber, or scrap metal.

NEO-BULK CARGO
Uniformly packaged goods, such as wood pulp bales, which store as solidly as bulk, but that are handled as general cargo.

NON-RECOURSE FINANCING
Project financing for which no loan guarantees or financial support is provided by the sponsors or governments to lenders for the project.

O

OBO SHIP
A multipurpose ship that can carry ore, heavy dry bulk goods and oil. Although more expensive to build, they ultimately are more economical because they can make return journeys with cargo rather than empty as single-purpose ships often must.

OCEAN WAYBILL
A document, issued by a shipping line to a shipper which serves as a receipt for the goods and evidence of the contract carriage.

OCMI
Officer in Charge of Marine Inspection.

ODS
Operating-Differential Subsidy: Established by the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, it was a direct subsidy paid to U.S.-flag operators to offset the high operating cost of U.S.-flag ships when compared to foreign-flag counterparts. Contracts between U.S.-flag vessel operators and the Maritime Administration have expired. The ODS program has been replaced by the Maritime Security Program.

OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The Maritime Transport Committee is part of this organization.

OFF-HIRE CLAUSE
In a time charter, the owner is entitled to a limited time for his vessel to be off hire until such time as the vessel may be repaired or dry-docked.

OFF-LOAD
Discharge of cargo from a ship.

OILER
An unlicensed member of the engine room staff who oils and greases bearings and moving parts of the main engine and auxiliaries. Most of this work is now done automatically and the oiler merely insures it operates correctly.

OIL RECORD BOOK
A book or log kept by the master of an oil tanker wherein every discharge or escape of oil is recorded.

OIL TANKER
A ship designed for the carriage of oil in bulk, her cargo space consisting of several or many tanks. Tankers load their cargo by gravity from the shore or by shore pumps and discharge using their own pumps.

OMB
Office of Management and Budget.

OPA
Oil Pollution Act of 1990.

OPEN RATES
Pricing systems that are flexible and not subject to conference approval. Usually applied to products in which tramps are substituted for liners.

OPEN REGISTRY
A term used in place of "flag of convenience" or "flag of necessity" to denote registry in a country which offers favorable tax, regulatory, and other incentives to ship owners from other nations.

OPEN TOP CONTAINER
A container fitted with a solid removable roof, or with a tarpaulin roof so the container can be loaded or unloaded from the top.

ORDINARY SEAMAN
A deck crewmember who is subordinate to the Able Bodied Seaman.

ORE CARRIER
A large ship designed to be used for the carnage of ore. Because of the high density of ore, ore carriers have a relatively high center of gravity to prevent them being still when at sea, that is, rolling heavily with possible stress to the hull.

ORE-BULK-OIL CARRIER
A large multi-purpose ship designed to carry cargoes wither of ore or other bulk commodities or oil so as to reduce the time the ship would be in ballast if restricted to one type of commodity. This type of ship is sometimes called bulk-oil carrier.

ORE-OIL CARRIER
A ship designed to carry either ore or oil in bulk.

OVERTONNAGING
A situation where there are too many ships generally or in a particular trade for the level of available cargoes.

ON-CARRIER
Person or company who contracts to transport cargo from the port or place of discharge of a sea-going or ocean-going ship to another destination by a different means of transport, such as truck, train or barge.

OPTIONAL CARGO
Cargo that is destined for one of the ship’s discharge ports, the exact one not being know when the goods are loaded.

OVERCARRIAGE
The carriage of cargo beyond the port for which it was intended.

P

PALLET
A flat tray, generally made of wood but occasionally steel or other materials, on which goods can be stacked. There are two principal sizes: the ISO pallet, which measures 1 x 1.2 meters and the europallet at 0.8 x 1.2 meters.

PANAMAX
Maximum-size bulk carriers whose dimensions enable the ship to transit the Panama Canal when lock width is the limiting factor.

PARTIAL CONTAINERSHIPS
Multipurpose containerships where one or more but not all compartments are fitted with permanent container cells. Remaining compartments are used for other types of cargo.

PASSENGER SHIP
A passenger ship that its authorized to carry over twelve passengers.

PER CONTAINER RATE
Rates and/or changes on shipments transported in containers or trailers and rated on the basis of the category of the container or trailer.

PERSONAL FLOATATION DEVICE
Approved floats meant as life preservers and carried on board American ships.

PERMANENT DUNNAGE
Strips of timber fixed to the frames of a ship to keep cargo away from the sides of the ship in order to avoid damage and condensation.

PIER
The structure perpendicular to the shoreline to which a vessel is secured for the purpose of loading and unloading cargo.

POOLING
Sharing of cargo or the profit or loss from freight by member lines of a liner conference.

PORT DUES
Charges levied against a ship owner or ship operator by a port authority for the use of a port.

PIGGY PACKER
A mobile container-handling crane used to load/unload containers to/from railcars.

PORT OF REFUGE
Port, not on a ship’s itinerary, which she calls at due to some unforeseen hazard at sea and where she may undergo repairs, refuel or rescue cargo.

PILFERAGE
Petty theft.

PILOTAGE PORT OF REGISTRY
The act of assisting the master of a ship in navigation when entering or leaving a port or in confined water. Place where a ship is registered with the authorities, thereby establishing its nationality.

PILOTAGE DUES
Fee payable by the owner or operator of a ship for the services of a pilot; the fee is normally based on the ship’s registered tonnage.

PORTABLE UNLOADER
Type of ship unloader that is wheeled and capable of being moved around a port wherever needed. It is typically used in ports where there is no dedicated terminal with its own fixed equipment.

PLATFORM FLAT
A shipping container without sides, ends or a roof. Normally 20 x 40 feet long, it is used for awkwardly shaped cargo that cannot fit on or in any other type of container.

PRE-ENTRY
Presentation to the customs authorities of export or import declarations prior to the clearance of goods.

PLIMSOLL MARK/LOAD LINES
A series of horizontal lines painted on the outside of a ship marking the level that must remain above the surface of the water for the vessel’s stability.

PROJECT FINANCING
Financing wherein the lender looks to a project’s cash flows to repay the principal and interest on debt, and to a project’s assets for security; also known as "structured financing" because it requires structuring the debt and equity such that a project’s cash flows are adequate to service the debt.

PONTOON
Flat-bottomed vessel with a shallow draught.

Q

QUARTERMASTER/HELMSMAN
An able-bodied seamen entrusted with the steering of a vessel.

QUARTERS
Accommodations.

QUAY
A structure attached to land to which a vessel is moored.

R

REACH STACKER
Motorized and mobile crane equipped with a frontal lifting device allowing it to lift and to stack maritime containers.

REEFER
Refrigerated container.

REEFER
Refrigerator ship: A vessel designed to carry goods requiring refrigeration, such as meat and fruit. A reefer ship has insulated holds into which cold air is passed at the temperature appropriate to the goods being carried.

RELAY
To transfer containers from one ship to another.

RMG
Rail Mounted Gantry

RTG
Rubber Tired Gantry

RO/RO
A shortening of the term "Roll on/Roll off." A method of ocean cargo service using a vessel with ramps that allow wheeled vehicles to be loaded and discharged without cranes.

RO/RO SHIP
Freight ship or ferry with facilities for vehicles to drive on and off (roll-on roll-off); a system of loading and discharging a ship whereby the cargo is driven on and off on ramps. Equipped with large openings at bow and stern and sometimes also in the side, the ship permits rapid loading and discharge with hydraulically operated ramps providing easy access. Fully loaded trucks or trailers carrying containers are accommodated on the deck.

S

SALVAGE
The property which has been recovered from a wrecked vessel, or the recovery of the vessel herself.

SEABEE
Sea-barge, a barge carrier design similar to "LASH" but which uses rollers to move the barges aboard the ship; the self-propelled loaded barges are themselves loaded on board as cargo and are considerably larger than those loaded on LASH ships.

SEA TRIALS
A series of trials conducted by the builders during which the owner's representatives on board act in a consulting and checking capacity to determine if the vessel has met the specifications.

SEAWORTHINESS
The sufficiency of a vessel in materials construction, equipment, crew and outfit for the trade in which it is employed. Any sort of disrepair to the vessel by which the cargo may suffer -- overloading, untrained officers, etc., may constitute a vessel unseaworthy.

SEAWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE
A certificate issued by a classification society surveyor to allow a vessel to proceed after she has met with a mishap that may have affected its seaworthiness. It is frequently issued to enable a vessel to proceed, after temporary repairs have been effected, to another port where permanent repairs are then carried out.

SELF-PROPELLED BARGE
A barge which has its own engine.

SELF-SUSTAINING SHIP
A containership which has her own crane for loading and discharging shipping containers enabling the ship to serve ports which do not have suitable lifting equipment.

SELF-TRIMMING SHIP
A ship whose holds are shaped in such a way that the cargo levels itself.

SELF-UNLOADER
A bulk carrier which is equipped with gear for unloading cargo.

STEVEDORE
Individual or firm that employs longshoremen to load and unload vessels.

STEVEDORING CHARGES
Fees for loading and stowing or unloading a ship.

STO-RO
A vessel with capacity for break-bulk cargo as well as vehicles or trailer borne cargo.

STS
Ship to shore crane

SHIP CHANDLER
An individual or company selling equipment and supplies for ships.

STOWAGE FACTOR
The average cubic space occupied by one tonne weight of cargo as stowed aboard a ship.

SHORT TON
2,000 pounds.

SIP
Streamlined Inspection Program.

SISTER SHIPS
Ships built on the same design.

SIU
Seafarers International Union.

SLIP
A vessel's berth between two piers.

SLOP TANK
A tank in a tanker into which slops are pumped. These represent a residue of the ship's cargo of oil together with the water used to clean the cargo tanks. They are left to separate out in the slop tank.

SHIP’S TACKLE
All rigging, etc., used on a ship to load or unload cargo.

STRADDLE CARRIER
Mobile truck equipment with the capacity for lifting a container within its own framework.

SIDE LOADER
A lift truck fitted with lifting attachments operating to one side for handling containers.

STURDONS
Port workers engaged in the stowage of cargo in the holds of a ship.

SPOTTING
Placing a container where required to be loaded or unloaded.

SUPPLY CHAIN SPREADER
A piece of equipment designed to lift containers by their corner castings. A logistics management system that integrates the sequence of activities from delivery of raw materials to the manufacturer through to delivery of the finished product to the customer into measurable components.

STACK CAR
An articulated multiple platform rail car that allows containers to be double stacked.

STACKTRAIN
A rail service whereby rail cars carry containers

T

TARE WEIGHT
The weight of wrapping or packing; added to the net weight of cargo to determine its gross weight.

TAIL SHAFT
The extreme section at the aft end of a ship's propeller shaft.

TANK BARGE
A river barge designed for the carriage of liquid bulk cargoes.

TANK CLEANING
Removal of all traces of a cargo from the tanks of a tanker normally by means of high pressure water jets.

TANKER
A tanker is a bulk carrier designed to transport liquid cargo, most often petroleum products. Oil tankers vary in size from small coastal vessels of 1,500 tons deadweight, through medium-sized ship of 60,000 tons, to the giant VLCCs (very large crude carriers).

TENDER
The offer of goods for transportation.

TERRITORIAL WATERS
That portion of the sea up to a limited instance which is immediately adjacent to the shores of any country and over which the sovereignty and exclusive jurisdiction of that country extend.

TERMINAL
An assigned area in which containers are prepared for loading into a vessel, train, truck, or airplane, or are stacked immediately after discharge from the vessel, train, truck, or airplane.

T.E.U.
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (containers): A measurement of cargo-carrying capacity on a containership, referring to a common container size of 20 ft in length.

TRANSSHIPMENT
A distribution method whereby containers are moved between large mother ships and small feeder vessels, or between equally large ships plying north-south (Europe-Africa) and eastwest (Asia-Europe) routes.

TERMINAL CHARGE
A charge made for a service performed in a carrier’s terminal area.

TRANSSHIPMENT PORT
A port where cargo is transferred from one carrier to another or from one vessel of a carrier to another vessel of the same carrier without the cargo leaving the port.

THROUGHPUT CHARGE
The charge for moving a container through a container yard off or onto a ship.

TURNAROUND
The time it takes between the arrival of a vessel and its departure from port; frequently used as a measure of port efficiency.

TOP OFF
To fill a ship that is already partly loaded with cargo. Typically occurs where there is a draught restriction at the first load port – the ship loads a quantity of cargo corresponding to the permissive draught, then fills up at the second port where there is no restriction.

TWENTY-FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS (TEUS)
Container size standard of twenty feet. Two twenty-foot containers (TEUs) equal one FEU. Container vessel capacity and port throughput capacity are frequently referred to in FEUs or TEUs.

TOP STOW CARGO
Goods that are stowed on top of all others in a ship’s hold because of their relatively low density and the probability that they would be damaged if overstowed.

TOPLIFT
Attachment to a fork-lift truck that is designed to lift a shipping container.

TOW
When one or more vessels are being towed; when a tug is towing one or more floating objects; to pull an object in the water by means of a rope.

TOWAGE
Charges for the services of tugs assisting a ship or other vessels in ports.

TRAMP LINE
An ocean carrier company operating vessels on other than regular routes and schedules.

U

ULCC
Ultra Large Crude Carriers. Tankers larger than 300,000 dwt.

UNCTAD
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNMANNED MACHINERY SPACES
A space where alarm bells are installed on the bridge of a ship to trace or rectify any machinery faults. The computerized devices will report any fault immediately when it appears and the engineers on board can attend to the necessary ramifications.

UNSEAWORTHINESS
The state or condition of a vessel when it is not in a proper state of maintenance, or if the loading equipment or crew, or in any other respect is not ready to encounter the ordinary perils of sea.

USCG
United States Coast Guard.

UNITIZATION
The consolidation of a quantity of individual items into one large shipping unit for easier handling.

UNLOADER
Port apparatus employed to unload ships carrying dry bulk cargo.

UNMOOR
To remove the ropes that attach a ship to the shore.

UNSTUFF
To unload a shipping container.

V

VARIABLE COST
Costs that vary directly with the level of activity within a short time. Examples include costs of moving cargo inland on trains or trucks, stevedoring in some ports, and short-term equipment leases.

VESSEL MANIFEST
The international carrier is obligated to make declarations of the ship's crew and contents at both the port of departure and arrival. The vessel manifest lists various details about each shipment by B/L number. Obviously, the B/L serves as the core source from which the manifest is created.

VISA - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement.

VLCC - Very Large Crude Carriers: Tankers between 200,000 and 300,000 dwt.

W

WATCH
The day at sea is divided into six four hour periods. Three groups of watchstanders are on duty for four hours and then off for eight, then back to duty. Seamen often work overtime during their off time.

WAREHOUSE
A place for the reception, delivery, consolidation, distribution, and storage of goods and cargo.

WAYBILL
Document, issued by a shipping line to a shipper, which serves as a receipt for the goods and evidence of the contract of carriage.

WHARF
Structure built alongside the water or perpendicular to the shore where ships berth for loading or discharging goods.

WHARFAGE
Charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against freight handled over the pier or dock or against a steamship company using the pier or dock.

WORLDSCALE
An index representing the cost of time chartering a tanker for a specific voyage at a given time. The index is given at Worldscale 100, which represents the price in dollars per ton for carrying the oil at that rate. The negotiated rate will be some percentage of the index value.

X

Y

Z

Belgium: Statutory Inspections & Conformity Assessments on Lifting and Hoisting Equipment.

2009-03-03T10:32:00.000-08:00

Lifting and hoisting equipment are in Belgium subject to local statutory regulations. New constructed lifting & hoisting equipment is to be assessed and approved by accredited bodies (NoBo = Notified Body).

Occupational health and safety (OH&S) issues are regulated under the Belgian OH&S legislation:

General regulations concerning protection at work
ARAB: Algemeen Reglement voor de Arbeidsbescherming
RGPT: Règlement général pour la protection du travail

Regulations concerning the well-being at work
Codex over het welzijn op het werk
Code sur le bien-être au travail

Conformity Assessments & Statutory Inspections on Lifting and Hoisting Equipment.
ARAB/RGPT art. 280 (= Conformity Assessments)

ARAB/RGPT art. 281 (= Statutory Periodic Inspections)

+ European Machinery Directive

Dutch:

Algemeen Reglement voor de arbeidsbescherming

Titel III - Bijzondere bepalingen toepasselijk in zekere nijverheidstakken

Hoofdstuk I: Toestellen, installaties, arbeidsprocédés, gemeen aan verscheidene nijverheidstakken

Afdeling II. - Hefwerktuigen

VI. Keuring bij ontvangst en onderzoeken

Art. 280 is opgeheven wat betreft de bepalingen inzake de keuring voor indienststelling van de personen-
en fabrieksliften die na 30 juni 1999 in de handel worden gebracht en in gebruik genomen
Artikel 280. Het bedrijfshoofd is er toe verplicht elke personenlift, elke goederenlift, elke fabriekslift, elke personenbouwlift, elke materiaallift, en elk ander hefwerktuig dat bestemd is tot personenvervoer of voorzien is om zich te verplaatsen of lasten te vervoeren boven of in de nabijheid van plaatsen waar
personen kunnen vertoeven, te doen onderzoeken en keuren door een overeenkomstig de bepalingen van titel V, hoofdstuk I, door Onze bevoegde Minister voor de controle van de hefwerktuigen erkend organisme.
Dit onderzoek moet plaats hebben vooraleer het toestel in dienst wordt gesteld en na elke omvorming ervan waardoor zijn kenmerken, wat de veiligheid van het gebruik ervan betreft, kunnen gewijzigd worden.
Het erkend organisme gaat na :
a. of alle delen van de inrichting een voldoende weerstand vertonen door statische en bedrijfsproeven en wanneer het nodig is door alle bijkomende onderzoeksprocede's en controles, gegrondvest op de regelen der kunst ter zake ;
b. of er generlei slechte afwerking valt te bespeuren ;
c. of de werking van het toestel en zijn aanhorigheden geen enkele oorzaak van gevaar vertoont;
d. of er voldaan is aan al de reglementaire voorschriften aangaande de veiligheid.
Voor de rolbruggen, zal dit onderzoek uitgebreid worden tot de vervoerbanen.
De kettingen en soortgelijke tuigen zoals haken, ringen, sluitingen, wartels, welke verlengd, veranderd of gerepareerd zijn door lassen moeten opnieuw beproefd worden.
De in dit artikel bedoelde werktuigen mogen slechts in gebruik gesteld worden nadat het erkend organisme
een proces-verbaal heeft afgeleverd waarbij de maximum toelaatbare belasting wordt vastgesteld, waarin de datum en de uitslag van de keuringen en nazichten worden vermeld en waarbij bevestigd wordt dat het toestel met volle zekerheid kan gebruikt worden. Dit proces-verbaal zal aan de gebruiker van het heftoestel worden afgeleverd die het ter beschikking zal houden van de met het toezicht belaste ambtenaar.

Artikel 281 is opgeheven voor wat betreft de liften.

Artikel 281. De in voormeld artikel 280 beoogde hefwerktuigen dienen minstens om de twaalf maand onderworpen aan een nauwkeurig en volledig onderzoek, uitgevoerd door een erkend organisme.
Dit onderzoek omvat, inzonderheid, het nazien van het geraamte, van het mechanisme en van de verschillende onderdelen, van de rolbanen en, in het algemeen, van al de delen welke zonder voorafgaand demonteren te bereiken zijn.
Daarenboven moeten de kabels, kettingen, haken, stangen schijven zwengels, remmen, slagnokken en andere om 't even welke delen die, ten opzichte van de veiligheid, van belang zijn, ten minste om de drie maanden onderzocht worden.
Wanneer deze stukken deel uitmaken van toestellen die uitsluitend dienen voor goederenvervoer en die slechts zelden gebruikt worden, mag de frekwentie van die onderzoekingen, op eensluidend advies van het erkend organisme zodanig verminderd worden, dat gedurende de tijdsruimte begrepen tussen twee opeenvolgende onderzoekingen deze stukken niet meer gebruikt worden dan gedurende een regelmatig
gebruik van drie maanden. De tijdsruimte tussen twee onderzoeken mag evenwel geen twaalf maanden overschrijden. Dit lid is niet van toepassing op de hefwerktuigen, gebruikt voor het vervoer van goederen vergezeld door een begeleider.
Indien zij het nuttig achten, zullen de erkende organismen, zowel vóór als tijdens het gebruik, kabels en kettingen aan beproevingen onderwerpen.
Zij zullen het uitgloeien eisen van de organen waarvan het metaal ontaardingen mocht ondergaan hebben,
namelijk ten gevolge van de intensiteit of van de aard van het verrichte werk.
Het erkend organisme zal een omstandig verslag opmaken van zijn vaststellingen en gevolgtrekkingen met aanduiding van de datum van het nazicht. Dit verslag zal aan de gebruiker van het toestel overgemaakt worden, die het ten alle tijde ter beschikking zal houden van de met het toezicht van de inrichting belaste technische ambtenaar.

Artikel 281bis. Wat de hefwerktuigen betreft die gebruikt worden door het Rijk en door de instellingen van openbaar nut welke bij de wet van 16 maart 1954 betreffende de controle op sommige instellingen van openbaar nut in categorie A gerangschikt zijn, worden de wettelijke onderzoekingen en de controleonderzoekingen van de hefwerktuigen verricht, 't zij door ambtenaren van de Administratie van de Elektriciteit en van de Elektromechanica van het Ministerie van Openbare Werken en van Wederopbouw, 't zij door een erkend organisme.

Artikel 281ter. De controle van de hefwerktuigen, die dient gedaan door de erkende organismen, mag eveneens uitgevoerd worden door personen van Belgisch publiek recht en door personen van vreemd recht die door Onze bevoegde Minister te dien einde zijn erkend

French:

Règlement général pour la protection du travail

Titre III - Dispositions particulières applicables dans certaines industries

Chapitre I: Appareils, installations, procédés de travail, communs à diverses industries

Section II. - Appareils de levage

VI. La réception avant mise en service et visites.
L'article 280 est abrogé en ce qui concerne les dispositions relatives à la réception avant mise en service des ascenseurs et ascenseurs industriels mis sur le marché et mis en service après le 30-6-1999

Article 280.- Le chef d'entreprise est tenu de faire examiner et de faire essayer, par un organisme agréé pour le contrôle des appareils de levage par Notre Ministre compétent, conformément aux dispositions du titre V, chapitre I, tout ascenseur, monte-charge ascenseur industriel, ascenseur de chantier et monte-matériaux, et tout autre appareil de levage destiné au transport de personnes ou prévu pour se déplacer ou déplacer des charges au-dessus ou à proximité d'emplacements pouvant être occupés
par des personnes.
Cette visite doit avoir lieu avant la mise en service de l'appareil et après toute transformation de celui-ci de nature à modifier ses caractéristiques au point de vue de la sécurité de son emploi.
L'organisme agréé vérifie:
a. si toutes les parties de l'installation présentent une résistance suffisante, par des essais statiques et des essais de fonctionnement et, lorsque la chose s'avère nécessaire, par tous procédés d'investigation et de contrôle supplémentaires basés sur les règles de l'art en la matière;
b. s'il n'existe pas de malfaçon;
c. si le fonctionnement de l'appareil et de ses accessoires ne présente aucune cause de danger;
d. s'il est satisfait à toutes les dispositions réglementaires intéressant la sécurité. Pour les ponts roulants, cette visite s'étendra aux chemins de roulement.
Les chaînes et engins similaires, tels que les crochets, anneaux, boucles, émerillons qui auront été rallongés, modifiés ou réparés par soudure devront être essayés et vérifiés à nouveau. Les appareils visés au présent article ne pourront être mis en service qu'après que [[l'organisme agréé]] aura produit un procès-verbal attestant le maximum de charge autorisé, indiquant la date et le résultat des essais et vérifications et établissant que l'appareil peut fonctionner en toute sécurité. Ce procèsverbal sera remis à l'usager de l'appareil qui le tiendra à la disposition du fonctionnaire technique chargé de la surveillance.

L'article 281 est abrogé pour ce qui concerne les ascenseurs.

Article 281.- Les appareils de levage visés à l'article 280 ci-dessus font l'objet, au moins tous les douze mois, d'une visite détaillée complète effectuée par un organisme agréé. Cette visite comporte, notamment, l'inspection de la charpente,
des mécanismes et accessoires divers, des chemins de roulement, et, en général, de tous les organes accessibles sans démontage préalable.
En outre, les câbles, chaînes, crochets, tringles, poulies, palonniers, freins, limiteurs de course et autres organes quelconques présentant un intérêt au point de vue de la sécurité, seront visités au moins tous les trois mois.
Lorsque ces pièces appartiennent à des engins qui servent exclusivement au transport de marchandises et qui ne sont utilisés que rarement, la fréquence de ces visites peut être réduite, sur avis conforme de l'organisme agréé, de telle sorte que, dans l'intervalle entre deux visites consécutives, ces pièces ne travaillent pas plus que pendant trois mois d'usage régulier. L'intervalle entre deux visites ne peut toutefois excéder douze mois. Le présent alinéa ne s'applique pas aux appareils de levage qui servent au transport de marchandises accompagnées d'un convoyeur.
S'ils le jugent utile les organismes agréés feront effectuer, tant avant la mise en service qu'en cours de service, des essais sur les câbles et chaînes.
Ils exigeront le recuit des organes dont le métal aurait pu s'altérer, notamment par suite de l'intensité ou de la nature du travail effectué.
L'organisme agréé dressera un rapport circonstancié de ses constatations et conclusions indiquant la date des vérifications.
Ce rapport sera remis à l'usager de l'appareil qui le tiendra en tout temps à la disposition du fonctionnaire technique chargé de la surveillance de l'établissement.

Article 281bis.- En ce qui concerne les appareils de levage utilisés par l'Etat et par les organismes d'intérêt public classés dans la catégorie A par la loi du 16 mars 1954 relative au contrôle de certains organismes d'intérêt public, la réception et les visites de contrôle légalement prescrites de ce règlement, sont effectuées soit par des fonctionnaires de l'Administration de l'Electricité et d'Electromécanique du
Ministère des Travaux publics et de la Reconstruction, soit par un organisme agréé.

Article 281ter.- Le contrôle des appareils de levage, à assurer par des organismes agréés, peut également être fait par des personnes de droit public belge et par des personnes de droit étranger reconnues à cette fin par Notre Ministre compétent.

Friction Clutch / Limitador de torque / Slipkoppeling

2009-03-03T09:40:00.000-08:00

(EN) Friction Clutch (overload protection)
(PT) limitador de torque( Proteção contra sobrecarga )
(NL) Slipkoppeling (overlastbeveiliging)

Friction clutch overload protection stops hoist when overload occurs.

Happy New Year - Feliz Ano Novo - Gelukkig Nieuwjaar

2009-01-12T14:34:00.000-08:00

Happy 2009, soon will continue to update this site again after my summer vacation!!!
Leave your comments and let me know what you think about this page!!!
technical translation will grow more in 2009, more technical translations,...

VISITS Total 1,345
PAGE VIEWS Total 2,505

Crane Grabs / Caçambas para guindastes / Kraan Grijpers

2008-11-28T02:02:00.000-08:00

(EN) Clamshell grab
(PT) Caçamba Clamshell
(NL) Clamshell grijper - Overslaggrijper

(EN) Trimming Grab
(PT) Caçamba Trimming
(NL) Tremgrijper

(EN) Orange peel Grab - Cactus Grab - polyp
(PT) Caçamba Cactus
(NL) Poliepgrijper

Truck Loading Crane / Caminhão Munck / Autolaadkraan

2008-11-28T01:54:00.000-08:00

(EN) Truck Loading Crane
(PT) Caminhão Munck
(NL) Autolaadkraan

Beam Clamp / / Balkklem

2008-11-27T04:36:00.000-08:00

(EN) Beam/Girder Clamp
(PT) do you know the portuguese word for beam clamp?
(NL) Balkklem

Glossário Norma Regulamentadora Nº 18

2008-11-27T03:58:00.000-08:00

Acidente Fatal - quando provoca a morte do trabalhador.

Acidente Grave - quando provoca lesões incapacitantes no trabalhador.

Alta-Tensão - é a distribuição primária, em que a tensão é igual ou superior a 2.300 volts.

Amarras - cordas, correntes e cabos de aço que se destinam a amarrar ou prender equipamentos à estrutura.

Ancorada (ancorar) - ato de fixar por meio de cordas, cabos de aço e vergalhões, propiciando segurança e estabilidade.

Andaime:
a) Geral - plataforma para trabalhos em alturas elevadas por estrutura pro visória ou dispositivo de sustentação;
b) Simplesmente Apoiado - é aquele cujo estrado está simplesmente poiado, podendo ser fixo ou deslocar-se no sentido horizontal;
c) Em Balanço - andaime fixo, suportado por vigamento em balanço;
d) Suspenso Mecânico - é aquele cujo estrado de trabalho é sustentado por travessas suspensas por cabos de aço e movimentado por meio de guinchos;
e) Suspenso Mecânico Leve - andaime cuja estrutura e dimensões permitem suportar carga total de trabalho de 300 kgf, respeitando-se os fatores de segurança de cada um de seus componentes;
f) Suspenso Mecânico Pesado - andaime cuja estrutura e dimensões permitem suportar carga de trabalho de 400 kgf/m2, respeitando-se os fatores de segurança de cada um de seus componentes;
g) Cadeira Suspensa (balancim) - é o equipamento cuja estrutura e dimensões permitem a utilização por apenas uma pessoa e o material necessário para realizar o serviço;
h) Fachadeiro - andaime metálico simplesmente apoiado, fixado à estrutura na extensão da fachada.

Anteparo - designação genérica das peças (tabiques, biombos, guarda-corpos, pára-lamas etc.) que servem para proteger ou resguardar alguém ou alguma coisa.

Arco Elétrico ou Voltaico - descarga elétrica produzida pela condução de corrente elétrica por meio do ar ou outro gás, entre dois condutores separados.

Área de Controle das Máquinas - posto de trabalho do operador.

Áreas de Vivência - áreas destinadas a suprir as necessidades básicas humanas de alimentação, higiene, descanso, lazer, convivência e ambulatória, devendo ficar fisicamente separadas das áreas laborais.

Armação de Aço - conjunto de barras de aço, moldadas conforme sua utilização e parte integrante do concreto armado.

ART - Anotação de Responsabilidade Técnica, segundo as normas vigentes no sistema CONFEA/CREA.

Aterramento Elétrico - ligação à terra que assegura a fuga das correntes elétricas indesejáveis.

Atmosfera Perigosa - presença de gases tóxicos, inflamáveis e explosivos no ambiente de trabalho.

Autopropelida - máquina ou equipamento que possui movime nto próprio.

Bancada - mesa de trabalho.

Banguela - queda livre do elevador, pela liberação proposital do freio do tambor.

Bate-Estacas - equipamento de cravação de estacas por percussão.

Blaster - profissional habilitado para a atividade e operação com explosivos.

Borboleta de Pressão - parafuso de fixação dos painéis dos elevadores.

Botoeira - dispositivo de partida e parada de máquinas.

Braçadeira - correia, faixa ou peça metálica utilizada para reforçar ou prender.

Cabo-Guia ou de Segurança - cabo ancorado à estrutura, onde são fixadas as ligações dos cintos de segurança.

Cabos de Ancoragem - cabos de aço destinados à fixação de equipamentos, torres e outros à estrutura.

Cabos de Suspensão - cabo de aço destinado à elevação (içamento) de materiais e equipamentos.

Cabos de Tração - cabos de aço destinados à movimentação de pesos.

Caçamba - recipiente metálico para conter ou transportar materiais.

Calha Fechada - duto destinado a retirar materiais por gravidade.

Calço - acessório utilizado para nivelamento de equipamentos e máquinas em superfície irregular.

Canteiro de Obra - área de trabalho fixa e temporária, onde se desenvolvem operações de apoio e execução de uma obra.

Caracteres Indeléveis - qualquer dígito numérico, letra do alfabeto ou um símbolo especial, que não se dissipa, indestrutível.

CAT - Comunicação de Acidente do Trabalho.

CEI - Cadastro Específico do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social - INSS, referente à obra.

Cimbramento - escoramento e fixação das fôrmas para concreto armado.

Cinto de Segurança Tipo Pára-quedista - é o que possui tiras de tórax e pernas, com ajuste e presilhas; nas costas possui uma argola para fixação de corda de sustentação.

CGC - inscrição da empresa no Cadastro Geral de Contribuintes do Ministério da Fazenda.

Chave Blindada - chave elétrica protegida por uma caixa metálica, isolando as partes condutoras de contatos elétricos.

Chave Elétrica de Bloqueio - é a chave interruptora de corrente.

Chave Magnética - dispositivo com dois circuitos básicos, de comando e de força, destinados a ligar e desligar quaisquer circuitos elétricos, com comando local ou a distância (controle remoto).

Cinto de Segurança Abdominal - cinto de segurança com fixação apenas na cintura, utilizado para limitar a movimentação do trabalhador.

Circuito de Derivação - circuito secundário de distribuição.

Coifa - dispositivo destinado a confinar o disco da serra circular.

Coletor de Serragem - dispositivo destinado a recolher e lançar em local adequado a serragem proveniente do corte de madeira.

Condutor Habilitado - condutor de veículos portador de carteira de habilitação expedida pelo órgão competente.

Conexão de Autofixação - conexão que se adapta firmemente à válvula dos pneus dos equipamentos para a insuflação de ar.

Contrapino - pequena cavilha de fe rro; de duas pernas, que se atravessa naponta de um eixo ou parafuso para manter no lugar porcas e arruelas.

Contraventamento - sistema de ligação entre elementos principais de uma estrutura para aumentar a rigidez do conjunto.

Contraventos - elemento que interliga peças estruturais das torres dos elevadores.

CPN - Comitê Permanente Nacional sobre Condições e Meio Ambiente do Trabalho na Indústria da Construção.

CPR - Comitê Permanente Regional sobre Condições e Meio Ambiente do Trabalho na Indústria da Construção (Unidade(s) da Federação).

Cutelo Divisor - lâmina de aço que compõe o conjunto de serra circular que mantém separadas as partes serradas da madeira.

Desmonte de Rocha a Fogo - retirada de rochas com explosivos:
a) Fogo - detonação de explosivo para efetuar o desmonte;
b) Fogacho - detonação complementar ao fogo principal.

Dispositivo Limitador de Curso - dispositivo destinado a permitir uma sobreposição segura dos montantes da escada extensível.

Desmonte de Rocha a Frio - retirada manual de rocha d os locais com auxílio de equipamento mecânico.

Doenças Ocupacionais - são aquelas decorrentes de exposição a substâncias ou condições perigosas inerentes a processos e atividades profissionais ou ocupacionais.

Dutos Transportadores de Concreto - tubulações destinadas ao transporte de concreto sob pressão.

Elementos Estruturais - elementos componentes de estrutura (pilares, vigas, lages, etc.).

Elevador de Materiais - cabine para transporte vertical de materiais.

Elevador de Passageiros - cabine fechada para transporte vertical de pessoas, com sistema de comando automático.

Elevador de Caçamba - caixa metálica utilizada no transporte vertical de material a granel.

Em Balanço - sem apoio além da prumada.

Empurrador - dispositivo de madeira utilizado pelo trabalhador na operação de corte de pequenos pedaços de madeira na serra circular.

Engastamento - fixação rígida da peça à estrutura.

EPI - Equipamento de Proteção Individual - todo dispositivo de uso individual destinado a proteger a saúde e a integridade física do trabalhador.

Equipamento de Guindar - equipamentos utilizados no transporte vertical de materiais (grua, guincho, guindaste).

Escada de Abrir - escada de mão constituída de duas peças articuladas na parte superior.

Escada de Mão - escada com montantes interligados por peças transversais.

Escada Extensível - escada portátil que pode ser estendida em mais de um lance com segurança.

Escada Fixa (tipo marinheiro) - escada de mão fixada em uma estrutura dotada de gaiola de proteção.

Escora - peça de madeira ou metálica empregada no escoramento.

Estabelecimento - cada uma das unidades da empresa, funcionando em lugares diferentes.

Estabilidade Garantida - entende-se como sendo a característica relativa a estruturas, taludes, valas e escoramentos ou outros elementos que não ofereçam risco de colapso ou desabamento, seja por estarem garantidos por meio de estruturas dimensionadas para tal fim ou porque apresentem rigidez decorrente da própria formação (rochas). A estabilidade garantida de uma estrutura será sempre objeto de responsabilidade técnica de profissional legalmente habilitado.

Estanque - propriedade do sistema de vedação que não permita a entrada ou saída de líquido.

Estaiamento - utilização de tirantes sob determinado ângulo, para fixar os montantes da torre.

Estrado - estrutura plana, em geral de madeira, colocada sobre o andaime.

Estribo de Apoio - peça metálica, componente básico de andaime suspenso leve que serve de apoio para seu estrado.

Estronca - peça de esbarro ou escoramento com encosto destinado a impedir deslocamento.

Estudo Geotécnico - são os estudos necessários à definição de parâmetros do solo ou rocha, tais como sondagem, ensaios de campo ou ensaios de laboratório.

Etapas de Execução da Obra - seqüência física, cronológica, que compreende uma série de modificações na evolução da obra.

Explosivo - produto que sob certas condições de temperatura, choque mecânico ou ação química se decompõe rapidamente para libertar grandes volumes de gases ou calor intenso.

Ferramenta - utensílio empregado pelo trabalhador para realização de tarefas.

Ferramenta de Fixação a Pólvora - ferramenta utilizada como meio de fixação de pinos acionada a pólvora.

Ferramenta Pneumática - ferramenta acionada por ar comprimido.

Freio Automático - dispositivo mecânico que realiza o acionamento de parada brusca do equipamento.

Frente de Trabalho - área de trabalho móvel e temporária, onde se desenvolvem operações de apoio e execução de uma obra.

Fumos - vapores provenientes da combustão incompleta de metais.

Gaiola Protetora - estrutura de proteção usada em torno de escadas fixas para evitar queda de pessoas. Galeria - corredor coberto que permite o trânsito de pedestres com segurança.

Gancho de Moitão - acessório para equipamentos de guindar e transportar utilizados para içar cargas.

Gases Confinados - são gases retidos em ambiente com pouca ventilação.

Guia de Alinhamento - dispositivo fixado na bancada da serra circular, destinado a orientar a direção e a largura do corte na madeira.

Guincheiro - operador de guincho.

Guincho - equipamento utilizado no transporte vertical de cargas ou pessoas, mediante o enrolamento do cabo de tração no tambor.

Guincho de Coluna (tipo "Velox") - guincho fixado em poste ou coluna, destinado ao içamento de pequenas cargas.

Guindaste - veículo provido de uma lança metálica de dimensão variada e motor com potência capaz de levantar e transportar cargas pesadas.

Grua - equipamento pesado utilizado no transporte horizontal e vertical de materiais.

Incombustível - material que não se inflama.

Instalações Móveis - contêineres, utilizados como: alojamento, instalações sanitárias e escritórios.

Insuflação de Ar - transferência de ar através de tubo de um recipiente para outro, por diferença de pressão.

Intempéries - os rigores das variações atmosféricas (temperatura, chuva, ventos e umidade).

Isolamento do Local/Acidente - delimitação física do local onde ocorreu o acidente, para evitar a descaracterização do mesmo.

Isolantes - são materiais que não conduzem corrente elétrica, ou seja, oferecem alta resistência elétrica.

Lançamento de Concreto - colocação do concreto nas fôrmas, manualmente ou sob pressão.

Lançamento de Partículas - pequenos pedaços de material sólido lançados no ambiente em conseqüência de ruptura mecânica ou corte do material.

Lençol Freático - depósito natural de água no subsolo, podendo estar ou não sob pressão.

Legalmente Habilitado - profissional que possui habilitação exigida pela lei.

Locais Confinados - qualquer espaço com a abertura limitada de entrada e saída da ventilação natural.

Material Combustível - aquele que possui ponto de fulgor ³70ºC e £ a 93,3ºC.

Material Inflamável - aquele que possui ponto de fulgor £ a 70ºC.

Máquina - aparelho próprio para transmitir movimento ou para utilizar e pôr em ação uma fonte natural de energia.

Montante - peça estrutural vertical de andaime, torres e escadas.

NR - Norma Regulamentadora.

Parafuso Esticador - dispositivo utilizado no tensionamento do cabo de aço para o estaiamento de torre de elevador.

Pára-Raio - conjunto composto por um terminal aéreo, um sistema de descida e um terminal de aterramento, com a finalidade de captar descargas elétricas atmosféricas e dissipá-las com segurança.

Passarela - ligação entre dois ambientes de trabalho no mesmo nível, para movimentação de trabalhadores e materiais, construída solidamente, com piso completo, rodapé e guarda-corpo.

Patamar - plataforma entre dois lances de uma escada.

PCMAT - Programa de Condições e Meio Ambiente do Trabalho na Indústria da Construção.

Perímetro da Obra - linha que delimita o contorno da obra.

Pilão - peça utilizada para imprimir golpes, por gravidade, força hidráulica, pneumática ou explosão.

Piso Resistente - piso capaz de resistir sem deformação ou ruptura aos esforços submetidos.

Plataforma de Proteção - plataforma instalada no perímetro da edificação destinada a aparar materiais em queda livre.

Plataforma de Retenção de Entulho - plataforma de proteção com inclinação de 45º (quarenta e cinco graus) com caimento para o interior da obra, utilizada no processo de demolição.

Plataforma de Trabalho - plataforma onde ficam os trabalhadores e materiais necessários à execução dos serviços.

Plataforma Principal de Proteção - plataforma de proteção instalada na primeira laje.

Plataforma Secundária de Proteção - plataforma de proteção instalada de 3 (três) em 3 (três) lajes, a partir da plataforma principal e acima desta.

Plataforma Terciária de Proteção - plataforma de proteção instalada de 2 (duas) em 2 (duas) lajes, a partir da plataforma principal e abaixo desta.

Prancha
1. peça de madeira com largura maior que 0,20m (vinte centímetros) e espessura entre 0,04m (quatro centímetros) e 0,07m (sete centímetros).
2. plataforma móvel do elevador de materiais, onde são transportadas as cargas.

Pranchão - peça de madeira com largura e espessura superiores às de uma prancha.

Prisma de Iluminação e Ventilação - espaço livre dentro de uma edificação em toda a sua altura e que se destina a garantir a iluminação e a ventilação dos compartimentos.

Protetor Removível - dispositivo destinado à proteção das partes móveis e de transmissão de força mecânica de máquinas e equipamentos.

Protensão de Cabos - operação de aplicar tensão nos cabos ou fios de aço usados no concreto protendido.

Prumagem - colocação de peças no sentido vertical (linha de prumo).

Rampa - ligação entre 2 (dois) ambientes de trabalho com diferença de nível, para movimentação de trabalhadores e materiais, construída solidamente com piso completo, rodapé e guarda-corpo.

RTP - Regulamentos Técnicos de Procedimentos - especificam as condições mínimas exigíveis para a implementação das disposições da NR.

Rampa de Acesso - plano inclinado que interliga dois ambientes de trabalho.

Rede de Proteção - rede de material resistente e elástico com a finalidade de amortecer o choque da queda do trabalhador.

Roldana - disco com borda canelada que gira em torno de um eixo central.

Rosca de Protensão - dispositivo de ancoragem dos cabos de protensão.

Sapatilha - peça metálica utilizada para a proteção do olhal de cabos de aço.

Sinaleiro - pessoa responsável pela sinalização, emitindo ordens por meio de sinais visuais e/ou sonoros.

Sobrecarga - excesso de carga (peso) considerada ou não no cálculo estrutural.

Soldagem - operações de unir ou remendar peças metálicas com solda.

Talude - inclinação ou declive nas paredes de uma escavação.

Tambor do Guincho - dispositivo utilizado para enrolar e desenrolar o cabo de aço de sustentação do elevador.

Tapume - divisória de isolamento.

Tinta - produto de mistura de pigmento inorgânico com tíner, terebintina e outros diluentes. Inflamável e geralmente tóxica.

Tirante - cabo de aço tracionado.

Torre de Elevador - sistema metálico responsável pela sustentação do elevador.

Transbordo - transferência de trabalhadores de embarcação para plataforma de trabalho, através de equipamento de guindar.

Transporte Semimecanizado - é aquele que utiliza, em conjunto, meios mecânicos e esforços físicos do trabalhador.

Trava de Segurança - sistema de segurança de travamento de máquinas e elevadores.

Trava-Queda - dispositivo automático de travamento destinado à ligação do cinto de segurança ao cabo de segurança.

Válvula de Retenção - a que possui em seu interior um dispositivo de vedação que sirva para determinar único sentido de direção do fluxo.

Veículo Precário - veículo automotor que apresente as condições mínimas de segurança previstas pelo Código Nacional de Trânsito - CONTRAN.

Vergalhões de Aço - barras de aço de diferentes diâmetros e resistências, utilizadas como parte integrante do concreto armado.

Verniz - revestimento translúcido, que se aplica sobre uma superfície; solução resinosa em álcool ou em óleos voláteis.

Vestimenta - roupa adequada para a atividade desenvolvida pelo trabalhador.

Vias de Circulação - locais destinados à movimentação de veículos, equipamentos e/ou pedestres.

Vigas de Sustentação - vigas metálicas onde são presos os cabos de sustentação dos andaimes móveis.

Regulatory Norms Brazil / Normas Regulamentadoras Brasil /

2008-11-27T03:05:00.000-08:00

Norma Regulamentadora Nº 1 - Arquivo PDF (36kb)
Disposições Gerais
General Provisions
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 2 - Arquivo PDF (80kb)
Inspeção Prévia
Prior Inspection
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 3 - Arquivo PDF (20kb)
Embargo ou Interdição
Embargo or Interdiction
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 4 - Arquivo PDF (210kb)
Serviços Especializados em Eng. de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho SSMT
Specialized Services in Safety Engineering and Occupational Health
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 5 - Arquivo PDF (158kb)
Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes
Internal Commission on Accident Prevention
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 6 - Arquivo PDF (30kb)
Equipamentos de Proteção Individual - EPI
Individual Protection Equipment
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 7 - Arquivo PDF (161kb)
Programas de Controle Médico de Saúde Ocupacional
Occupational Health and Medical Control Programs
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 8 - Arquivo PDF (80kb)
Edificações
Buildings
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 9 - Arquivo PDF (42kb)
Programas de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais
Environmental Risk Prevention Programs
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 10 - Arquivo PDF (72kb)
Segurança em Instalações e Serviços em Eletricidade
Safety in Facilities and Electricity Services
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 11 - Arquivo PDF (90kb)
Transporte, Movimentação, Armazenagem e Manuseio de Materiais
Transportation, Movement, Storage and Handling of Materials
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 12
Máquinas e Equipamentos
Machines and Equipment
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 13 - Arquivo PDF (100kb)
Caldeiras e Vasos de Pressão
Boilers and Pressure Vessels
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 14
Fornos
Furnaces
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 15
Atividades e Operações Insalubres
Unhealthy Activities and Operations
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 16
Atividades e Operações Perigosas
Dangerous Activities and Operations
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 17
Ergonomia
Ergonomics
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 18
Condições e Meio Ambiente de Trabalho na Indústria da Construção
Workplace Conditions and Environment in the Construction Industry

N18, approved in 1978, had about 240 (two hundred and forty) provisions, one third of them dealing with scaffolding. Though weakly, it presented demands for the need of providing potable water and sanitary facilities.
In 1983, NR18 had its first great revision. As in the version of 1978, it was named “Work of Construction, Demolition and Repairs”, and this edition of the Norm broadens its content to 420 items approximately, with aspects such as sanitary conditions and comfort that become important, and with the insertion of topics
referring to CIPA (Internal Commission of Accident Prevention), fire prevention and activities in reinforced cement, masonry and finishing.
In 1995, NR18 underwent its most important change. This process, however, according to BRAZIL (1995), started one year before with the creation, by the Ministry of Labor, of ten work groups in several states and regions of the country. The result of the work of this group was sent to a central commission which evaluated
the material produced and worked out a basic text available for public consultation in the D.O.U – Official Daily Government Newspaper (a state instrument where governmental acts are published). This consultation generated approximately 3000 (three thousand) suggestions and propositions from bodies, companies and
professionals from the technical community, and those contributions were, when possible, incorporated to the mentioned text. This material was taken to a tripartite and parity meeting held from 15 to 05/19/2005 at the Ministry of Labor, in which government representatives, workers and employers approved consensually
the text of the Norm sanctioned by the Ministry of Labor, according to D.O.U. of 07/07/1995. Therefore, NR18 was the first Regulatory Norm worked out in the tripartite format, a model which, from then on, was adopted by the Brazilian government for any process of normative alteration in safety and health at work.
http://www.cramif.fr/pdf/th4/Salvador/posters/bresil/castor_de_pontes.pdf

Norma Regulamentadora Nº 19
Explosivos
Explosives
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 20
Líquidos Combustíveis e Inflamáveis
Liquid and Flammable Fuels
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 21
Trabalho a Céu Aberto
Open-Air Jobs
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 22 - Arquivo PDF (148kb)
Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional na Mineração
Safety and Occupational Health in Mining
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 23 - Arquivo PDF (23kb)
Proteção Contra Incêndios
Fire Protection
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 24
Condições Sanitárias e de Conforto nos Locais de Trabalho
Sanitary Conditions and Comfort in the Workplace
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 25
Resíduos Industriais
Industrial Waste
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 26 - Arquivo PDF (29kb)
Sinalização de Segurança
Safety Signing
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 27
Revogada pela Portaria GM n.º 262, 29/05/2008

Registro Profissional do Técnico de Segurança do Trabalho no MTB
Professional Registration of the Occupational Safety Technician at the Ministry of Labor
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 28 - Arquivo PDF (155kb)
Fiscalização e Penalidades
Inspection and Penalties
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 29 - Arquivo PDF (266kb)
Norma Regulamentadora de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho Portuário
Regulatory Norm for Safety and Occupational Health at Ports
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 30 - Arquivo PDF (34kb)
Norma Regulamentadora de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho Aquaviário
Regulatory Norm for Safety and Occupational Health at Waterways
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 31 - Arquivo PDF (102kb)
Norma Regulamentadora de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho na Agricultura, Pecuária Silvicultura, Exploração Florestal e Aquicultura
Regulatory Norm for Safety and Occupational Health in Agriculture, Fishing, Fruit-Growing, Forest Exploration and Aquiculture
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 32 - Arquivo PDF (184kb)
Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho em Estabelecimentos de Saúde
Safety and Occupational Health at Health Establishments
Norma Regulamentadora Nº 33 - Arquivo PDF (107kb)
Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho em Espaços Confinados
Safety and Occupational Health in Confined Areas

Lanyards / Talabarte / Vanglijn

2008-11-26T03:10:00.000-08:00

(EN) Lanyards
(PT) Talabarte
(NL) Vanglijn

Work positioning belt / Cinturão de Segurança Abdominal / Positioneringsgordel

2008-11-26T02:09:00.000-08:00

(EN) Work positioning Belt - Body belt
(PT) Cinturão de Segurança Abdominal
(NL) Positioneringsgordel - Heupgordel

(EN) Fall Protection Equipment
(PT) Equipamento de Protecção anti-queda
(NL) Valbeveiligingsmiddelen

The use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.

Safety harness / Arnês de Segurança / Veiligheidsharnas

2008-11-24T05:54:00.000-08:00

(EN) Safety Harness, Full body harness
(PT) Arnês de segurança, Arneses de Segurança (PT)
(PT) Cinto de Segurança, Cinturão de segurança (Br)
(NL) Veiligheidsharnas, veiligheidsharnassen, Harnasgordel

(EN) Fall Protection Equipment
(PT) Equipamento de Protecção anti-queda
(NL) Valbeveiligingsmiddelen

Protection from Falls
A full body harness with lanyard attachment at the back should be used, to ensure a person cannot slip out of the harness. Systems must also be put in place to ensure that a person suspended this way can quickly be rescued if the need arises. The use of the harness and fall arrest systems requires good design, thorough planning, specialist advice and highly trained operators to ensure its success.

Em atividades com risco de queda e altura superior a 2 m, deve ser usado cinto pára-quedista (NR 18.23.3), com ligação, obrigatoriamente, frontal ou dorsal.

European Union law / direito da União Europeia / recht van de Europese Unie

2008-11-24T04:07:00.000-08:00

EUR-Lex provides direct free access to European Union law. Here you can consult the Official Journal of the European Union as well as the treaties, legislation, case-law and legislative proposals. You can also use the extensive search facilities available on EUR-Lex.

EUR-Lex oferece um acesso directo e gratuito ao direito da União Europeia. O sistema permite consultar o Jornal Oficial da União Europeia e inclui, nomeadamente, os tratados, a legislação, a jurisprudência e os actos preparatórios da legislação. Há a possibilidade de efectuar pesquisas avançadas.

EUR-Lex geeft rechtstreeks en gratis toegang tot het recht van de Europese Unie. Het systeem biedt u uitgebreide zoekfuncties voor het raadplegen van het Publicatieblad van de Europese Unie en omvat met name de teksten van de verdragen, de wetgeving, de voorbereidende besluiten en de jurisprudentie.

Access to European Union law EN

Acesso ao direito da União Europeia PT

De toegang tot het recht van de Europese Unie NL

El Derecho de la Unión Europea ES

Prístup k právu Evropské unie CS

Adgang til EU-lovgivningen DA

Der Zugang zum EU-Recht DE

Juurdepääs Euroopa Liidu seadusandlusele ET

L’accès au droit de l’Union européenne FR

Rochtain ar dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh GA

L'accesso al diritto dell'Unione europea IT

Piekluve Eiropas Savienibas tiesibu aktiem LV

Prieiga prie Europos Sajungos teises LT

Hozzáférés az európai uniós joghoz HU

L-access ghal-ligijiet ta’ l-Unjoni Ewropea MT

Dostep do aktów prawnych Unii Europejskiej PL

Accesul la legislatia Uniunii Europene RO

Prístup k právu Európskej únie SK

Dostop do zakonodaje Evropske unije SL

Euroopan unionin oikeus ulottuvillasi FI

Ingång till EU-rätten SV

European Directives / Directivas Europeia / Europese Richtlijnen

2008-11-24T03:28:00.000-08:00

(EN) European Directives
(PT) Directivas Europeia
(NL) Europese Richtlijnen

87/404/EEC Simple pressure vessels
87/404/CEE Recipientes sob pressão simples
87/404/EEG Drukvaten van eenvoudige vorm

88/378/EEC Safety of toys
88/378/CEE Segurança dos brinquedos
88/378/EEG Veiligheid van speelgoed

89/106/EEC Construction products
89/106/CEE Produtos de construção
89/106/EEG Voor de bouw bestemde produkten

89/686/EEC Personal protective equipment
89/686/CEE Equipamentos de protecção individual
89/686/EEG Persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen

90/384/EEC Non-automatic weighing instruments
90/384/CEE Instrumentos de pesagem de funcionamento não automático
90/384/EEG Niet-automatische weegwerktuigen

90/385/EEC Active implantable medical devices
90/385/CEE Dispositivos medicinais implantáveis activos
90/385/EEG Actieve implanteerbare medische hulpmiddelen

90/396/EEC Appliances burning gaseous fuels
90/396/CEE Aparelhos a gás
90/396/EEG Gastoestellen

92/42/EEC Hot-water boilers
92/42/CEE Caldeiras de água quente
92/42/EEG Olie- en gasgestookte centrale-verwarmingsketels

93/15/EEC Explosives for civil uses
93/15/CEE Explosivos para utilização civil
93/15/EEG Explosieven voor civiel gebruik

93/42/EEC Medical devices
93/42/CEE Dispositivos médicos
93/42/EEG Medische hulpmiddelen

94/9/EC Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
94/9/CE Aparelhos e sistemas de protecção destinados a ser utilizados em atmosferas potencialmente explosivas
94/9/EG Apparaten en beveiligingssystemen bedoeld voor gebruik op plaatsen waar ontploffingsgevaar kan heersen

94/25/EC Recreational craft
94/25/CE Embarcações de recreio
94/25/EG Pleziervaartuigen

95/16/EC Lifts
95/16/CE Ascensores
95/16/EG Liften

96/48/EC Interoperability of the Trans-European high-speed rail system
96/48/CE Interoperabilidade do sistema ferroviário transeuropeu de alta velocidade
96/48/EG Interoperabiliteit van het transeuropees hoge-snelheidsspoorwegsysteem

96/98/EC Marine Equipment
96/98/CE Equipamentos marítimos
96/98/EG Uitrusting van zeeschepen

97/23/EC Pressure equipment
97/23/CE Equipamentos sob pressão
97/23/EG Drukapparatuur

98/37/EC Machinery
98/37/CE Máquinas
98/37/EG Machines

98/79/EC In vitro diagnostic medical devices
98/79/CE Dispositivos médicos de diagnóstico in vitro
98/79/EG Medische hulpmiddelen voor in-vitrodiagnostiek

99/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment
99/5/CE Equipamentos de rádio e equipamentos terminais de telecomunicações
99/5/EG Radioapparatuur en telecommunicatie-eindapparatuur

99/36/EC Transportable pressure equipment
99/36/CE Equipamentos sob pressão transportáveis
99/36/EG Vervoerbare drukapparatuur

2000/9/EC Cableway installations designed to carry persons
2000/9/CE Instalações por cabo para transporte de pessoas
2000/9/EG Kabelbaaninstallaties voor personenvervoer

2000/14/EC Noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
2000/14/CE Emissões sonoras para o ambiente dos equipamentos para utilização no exterior
2000/14/EG Geluidsemissie in het milieu door materieel voor gebruik buitenshuis

2001/16/EC Interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system
2001/16/CE Interoperabilidade do sistema ferroviário transeuropeu convencional
2001/16/EG Interoperabiliteit van het conventionele trans-Europese spoorwegsysteem

2004/22/EC Measuring Instruments Directive
2004/22/CE instrumentos de medição
2004/22/EG meetinstrumenten

2004/108/EC Electromagnetic compatibility
2004/108/CE compatibilidade electromagnética
2004/108/EG elektromagnetische compatibiliteit

2006/42/EC Machinery
2006/42/CE Máquinas
2006/42/EG Machines

2006/95/EC (ex-73/23/EEC) Low voltage directive
2006/95/CE Directiva baixa tensão
2006/95/EG Laagspanningsrichtlijn

EN: A directive is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. It can be distinguished from European Union regulations which are self-executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on its subject matter.

NL: Indien een richtlijn door een instelling van de EG wordt uitgevaardigd, dan zijn de lidstaten van de EG gebonden de richtlijn te implementeren in de nationale wetgeving. In de richtlijn wordt daarvoor een termijn gesteld (implementatietermijn). Ingeval een lidstaat niet binnen de termijn is overgegaan tot implementatie, dan heeft de Europese Commissie de mogelijkheid tegen de betreffende lidstaat een juridische procedure op te starten. Deze zogenoemde infractieprocedure wordt ingesteld bij het Europese Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen.

CE conformity marking / marcação CE de conformidade / CE-markering van overeenstemming

2008-11-24T03:16:00.000-08:00

(EN) CE conformity marking
(PT) marcação CE de conformidade
(NL) CE-markering van overeenstemming

— The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:

— A marcação «CE» de conformidade é constituída pelas iniciais «CE» de acordo com o seguinte grafismo:

— De CE-markering van overeenstemming bestaat uit de initialen CE in de volgende grafische vorm:

— if the CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above drawing must be respected,

— No caso de redução ou de ampliação da marcação «CE», devem ser respeitadas as proporções resultantes do grafismo graduado acima indicado.

— Bij vergroting of verkleining van de CE-markering moeten de verhoudingen van bovenstaande afbeelding in acht worden genomen.

— the various components of the CE marking must have substantially the same vertical dimension, which may not be less than 5 mm. This minimum dimension may be waived for small-scale machinery.

— Os diferentes elementos da marcação «CE» devem ter sensivelmente a mesma dimensão vertical, que não pode ser inferior a 5 milímetros. Em relação às máquinas de pequena dimensão, pode ser prevista uma derrogação a esta dimensão mínima.

— De onderscheiden onderdelen van de CE-markering moeten nagenoeg dezelfde hoogte hebben, die minimaal 5 mm bedraagt. Bij machines van geringe grootte mag van deze minimumafmeting worden afgeweken.