Shackle safety type / Manilha porca e contra-pino / Beugel met moerbout

(EN) Shackle safety type
(PT) Manilha porca e contra-pino
(NL) Beugel met moerbout

Glossário Içamento - Portuguese hoisting glossary

Aparelho de guindar
Equipamentos que suspendem a carga, por meio de cabos, entre o cais e o navio. São os guindastes, paus de carga, cábreas ou portainers.


Boom
Também chamada de lança, consiste em uma torre treliçada de aço ou em uma torre telescópica A base da torre é articulada, e pode ser suspendida e abaixada por cabos ou ainda por cilindros hidráulicos;Pau-de-carga.


Cábrea
Tipo de pau-de-carga com grande capacidade de carga. Denomina também os guindastes flutuantes.


Centro de Gravidade (CG)
O centro de gravidade (CG) é o termo mais usado popularmente para expressar o centro de massa (CM) de um corpo. O centro de gravidade é simplesmente uma posição média da distribuição da força peso. Note que ambas as definições de CM e CG são diferente, a primeira se refere à distribuição de massa e a outra a distribuição da força peso. Desde que a força peso exercida em um corpo de massa m é proporcional a sua massa, o CG e o CM se referem ao mesmo ponto de um corpo em regiões próximas a superfície.


Centro de Massa (CM)
Apesar de normalmente ouvirmos falar do centro de massa (CM) de um corpo e do centro de gravidade (CG) se referirem ao mesmo ponto de um corpo eles nem sempre coincidem. O que devemos salientar aqui é que o CM e o CG só coincidem porque o campo gravitacional próximo à superfície da terra é considerado, com boa aproximação, constante. Para um determinado corpo o seu centro de massa CM é definido como uma posição média de todas as massas na qual constitui o corpo . Para figuras planas simétricas tais como, uma chapa quadrada ou uma chapa triangular, os centros de massa ficam localizados no centro geométrico das respectivas placas. Para um cone, por exemplo, o centro de massa se localiza a um quarto da altura em relação a sua base


Clintagem
Sistema pelo qual vários volumes são presos por meio de cintas, arames ou fitas, formando uma unidade de carga. Usada para tábuas de madeira, de compensado, fardos, amarrados, etc.


Computador de bordo
Equipamento utilizado nos guindastes modernos, para auxiliar o operador e garantir uma operação segura, este equipamento possui armazenadas as tabelas de carga do equipamento e através de uma série de sensores, o computador registra as condições de operação do equipamento podendo até mesmo interromper sua operação, se a segurança estiver comprometida.


Crane
(crêin) ou Derrick (dérik) Guindaste


Crane Driver
(crêin dráiver): Guindasteiro.


Empilhador de contentores PT (Reach-Stacker)
Guindaste concebido com espalhador para o empilhamento de contentores.


Empilhador de garfos (Fork-lift truck)
Veículo com garfos elevatórios para serviço em armazém; equipado com garfos para elevações frontais de paletes.


Empilhador frontal (Front-lift truck)
Veículo mecânico de 3, 4 ou mais rodas concebido para a elevação, transporte e estiva de carga que poderá ser carregada em paletes, ou nos garfos do empilhador, ou com espalhador para contentores.


Jib
É o eixo ou braço extensor, É o bloco que une se a polia onde estão os cabos de aço.


Lingada
Amarrado de mercadorias correspondentes à porção a ser içada por guindaste ou pau-de-carga.


Patola
É um suporte móvel e retrátil que fixa o equipamento ao solo nivelando e sustentando o equipamento para sua operação.


Pau-de-carga
Tipo de aparelho de movimentação de peso que consiste numa verga (lança), que posiciona a carga suspensa por cabos. Normalmente, é fixada ao mastro e postada junto a escotilha (abertura do porão). O pau-de-carga completo é constituído de aparelho de acionamento, aparelho de lingada e guincho (fixado numa mesa de operação no convés, onde é operado pelo guincheiro).


Raio
É a distancia do centro do equipamento até a ponta da lança.


Reachstacker
Empilhadeira para movimentação e empilhamento de containers, que pode pegá-los de qualquer posição com seu braço flexível.


Rigging
É a operação de movimentação de cargas com uso de um ou mais equipamentos mecânicos.


Tabela de Carga
É uma tabela contendo a capacidade (altura, peso, raio de operação) de cada guindaste. Para uma operação segura deve-se respeitar os limites de altura e capacidade de carga de cada equipamento , o raio de operação tambem é levado em conta neste calculo.


Upper
Em guindastes móveis é a parte superior do equipamento responsável pela movimentação da carga.


Grua
Guindaste com cabine fixa, cuja estrutura principal se encontra montada em fundações permanentes ou semi-permanentes.


Grua de Cais ou Grua Fixa
Guindaste com cabine fixa, cuja estrutura principal está montada em fundações permanentes ou semi-permanentes, sobre carris ou pneus. Pode ser tipo pórtico.


Grua-pórtico
Tipo de grua de contentores de pernas verticais, com altura e largura suficientes para permitir a passagem de veículos ou equipamento ferroviário.

Technical translations & glossaries: lift & hoisting equipment

Welcome to my website,

I will start updating my website again in a few day with new translations and glossaries relating to: lift & hoisting equipment, harbour & shipping terms, etc.
Feel free to leave comments or word suggestions. I hope that you find what you are looking for, if not ask.

Here is a small overview of the glossaries on my website:

English glossaries:

Glossary of Fall Protection Terms - PPE

Electric chain hoist terms / Glossary

Wire Rope Glossary - English Terms

Overhead crane glossary - english terminology

Crane Glossary - English Terminology

Glossary of lift and hoisting terms, crane related terminology

Port and shipping terminology - Maritime glossary

Dutch glossaries:

Haventermen - Dutch Glossary

Containertermen - Dutch Glossary

Portuguese glossaries:

Glossário Norma Regulamentadora Nº 18

Rope Pear Socket / Soquete tipo Pêra / Kabelpeer

(EN) Spelter Socket - Basket Socket - rope pear socket (open/closed)
(PT) Soquete tipo Pêra (aberto/fechado)
(NL) Kabelpeer (open/gesloten)

Workshop Crane / Guindaste de Oficina / Werkplaatskraan

(EN) Workshop Crane
(PT) Guindaste de Oficina
(NL) Werkplaatskraan - Giraffe

Sheaves / Roldanas / Kabelschijven

(EN) Sheaves
(PT) Roldanas - Polias
(NL) Kabelschijven - Omleischijven

Telehandlers / Manipuladores telescópicos / Verreikers

(EN) Telescopic handlers - Telehandlers
(PT) Manipuladores Telescópicos
(NL) Verreikers

Vertical Personal Lifts / Plataformas de mastro vertical / Verticale hoogwerker

(EN) Mast Boom Lifts - Vertical Personal Lifts
(PT) Plataformas de mastro vertical
(NL) Verticale hoogwerker

Lifting Beam / Viga de Içamento / Hijsbalk

(EN) Lifting Beam / Hoisting Beam
(PT) Viga de Içamento
(NL) Hijsbalk / Hijsjuk

New Translation Website: Visual Dictionary to English, Portuguese, Dutch, French, German

Welcome to my visual dictionary with translations to Portuguese, Dutch and English.
This website provides translations and glossaries relating to: Container Handling, Lifting & Hoisting, Rigging, Harbour and Safety (PPE) equipment.

I started a new website with translations to English, Portuguese, Dutch, French and German relating to work tools, measuring instruments and more....
Visual Dictionary:

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Technical Translations and Glossaries almost one year online!

I started this website in September 2008, since then a lot of people found their way here by google or other search engines. It is good to know that my site is helping you find translations and glossaries relating to lifting & hoisting equipment. I will continue updating this website. I would like to ask some people to stop spamming the reaction section with unrelated spam, it´s all right to put links to websites about lifting, hoisting equipment, Personal protective equipment (PPE) etc.
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Spring Balancer / Balancim / Balancer

(EN) Spring Balancer / Load Balancer / Tool Balancer
(PT) Balancim
(NL) Balancer




These overhead devices provide and perform functions different from overhead hoist in that they can lift, lower and float a load. The balancer configurations and suspensions are similar to a hoist. The balancer functions differently from a hoist. The functional difference is indicated in the name: balancer. A balancer balances the load in a near weightless condition during the lifting operation. This feature allows the operator to maneuver the load easily. Balancers are often used for awkward and / or rapid load movements. Balancers can also be used to suspend equipment, which is used in repetitive operation. A variety of control options are available. A very broad range of load handling devices (end effectors) can expand this product’s versatility. Balancers are typically supported on small jibs, light monorail systems, or enclosed track monorail systems.

Applications of Spring Balancers / Load Balancers / Tool Balancers:
Portable Hand Tools, Welder Guns, Spray guns, Short Blast Guns, Drifting Attachments in mines and Quaries, Jute and synthetic bag closing machines, Gauges, Jigs and Fixtures, Pendant Station, Switch Button of Hoists, incase of de-oxidation, water washing of plating work with raising and lowering of work etc.

Advantages of Spring Balancer / Load Balancer / Tool Balancer:

Increases Productivity
Balancers keep poised for action, minimize motions required to bring tool from rest to work positions.

Extends Tool Life
Balancers eliminate pick-up and lay down wear and prevent damage from dropping.

Reduces Operator Fatigue
A Balancer makes the heaviest tool light as a feather. Operator effort can be directed to controlling the tool rather than supporting.

No Need of Power
There is no need of electrical or mechanical power.

Increases Safety
Balancers keep work area uncluttered to reduce chances of damages of accessories or accidental start up of tools during handling.

Effective Use of Space
The working place being widely utilized, and also to be cleaned up, the production is smoothly carried out.

Glossary of Fall Protection Terms - PPE

Personal Protective Equipment - PPE

Anchorage:
a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or other fall protection deceleration devices.

Anchorage Connector:
used to join the connecting device (lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device) to the anchorage.

Arresting Force:
the force transmitted to the body when a fall is arrested. Also known as Fall Arrest Force.

Body belt (safety belt):
a strap with means both for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.
The use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.

Body Belt:
a waist strap for attaching to a lanyard, lifeline or deceleration device. Used for positioning and/or restraint. Also known as a Safety Belt.

Body Harness:
a design of straps which is secured about a person in a manner to distribute fall arresting forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders, with provisions for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Also known as a Full-Body Harness.

Body harness:
straps which may be secured around your employee in a way that distributes the fall arrest forces over at least the person’s thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders. The body harness must have a means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system.

Body Wear:
the personal protective equipment worn by a worker, such as a body belt or body harness.

Buckle:
an integral connector used to attach straps or webbing segments together or to themselves.

Cam Buckle:
an integral connector whereby the shoulder straps can be easily adjusted simultaneously with one hand. Promotes proper snug fit; will not slip or misadjust.

Competent person:
is defined by OSHA as someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Competent Person:
one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Connecting Device:
the critical link which joins the body wear to the anchorage/anchorage connector, such as shock-absorbing lanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting lifeline, rope grab, etc.

Connector:
a mechanism or device used to join together components of a personal fall arrest system or parts of a component within the system. See also Hardware.

Connector (anchorage connector):
a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. The connector may be an independent component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).

Controlled access zone (CAZ):
an area in which certain work (e.g., overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems and access to the zone is controlled.

Dangerous equipment:
equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other units) which, because of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment.

Deceleration device:
any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.

Deceleration Device:
any mechanism which serves to dissipate energy during a fall arrest, limiting the forces imposed on a person.

Deceleration distance:
the additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.

Directive 89/686/EEC:
European Directive for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE.
The Directive details both Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) for the PPE and the conformity assessment procedures, which for products protecting against more serious risk may require the intervention of a so-called "Notified Body". Notified Bodies are institutes appointed by the Member States and they have the mission to be at the service of the manufacturer wherever the Directive requests for third party intervention (EC type examination, approval and monitoring of quality assurance systems).
PPE Directive 89/686/EEC covers these products. It defines legal obligations ensuring that PPE on the European market gives the highest level of protection against hazards: the CE marking affixed to PPE signals that! As this is a "New Approach" Directive, manufacturers or their authorised representative in the European Union can comply with the technical requirements either directly, or by means of European Harmonised Standards, the latter providing a presumption of conformity to the essential health and safety requirements.

D-Ring:
an integral component or provision commonly found on body wear and some anchorage connectors which allows for attaching a connecting device (lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device).

Equivalent:
alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials or designs specified in the standard.

Failure:
means load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded.

Fall Indicator:
a safety device or warning flag which serves to let a user know that a shock-absorbing lanyard has been involved in a fall and should be removed from service.

Fall Limiter:
a self-retracting lifeline/lanyard with a quick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. Refer to Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard. (Ex.: Miller MiniLite® Fall Limiter.)

Free fall:
the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall.

Free fall distance:
the vertical distance between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur.

Friction Buckle:
an integral connector whereby the webbing passes over the knurled bar and back down between the knurled bar and frame to adjust and tighten webbing straps.

Full-Body Harness:
(See Body Harness.)

Guardrail system (railing or guard rail):
a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.

Hole:
a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.

Infeasible:
it is impossible to perform the construction work using a conventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system) or that it is technologically impossible to use any one of these systems to provide fall protection.

Lanyard:
a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.

Lanyard:
a flexible line of rope, wire rope/cable, or webbing which generally has a connector at each end for securing a body belt or body harness to a lifeline, deceleration device or anchorage.

Lanyard Ring:
a component of a body harness that allows the user to attach a lanyard when not in use so that it is not hanging freely.

Leading edge:
the edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as the deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an "unprotected side and edge" during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction.

Lifeline:
a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.

Lifeline:
a line provided for direct or indirect attachment to a body belt, body harness, lanyard, or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application.

Low-slope roof:
a roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Lower Level:
an area or surface to which a person can fall.

Lower levels:
those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof.

Maximum Arrest Force:
the peak force on the body during arrest of a fall by the fall arrest system. Also known as Peak Fall Arrest Force.

Mating Buckle:
an integral connector whereby a center bar is pushed through a square link. Webbing is then tightened for proper fit.

Opening:
a gap or void 30 inches (76 cm) or more high and 18 inches (48 cm) or more wide, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level.

Orthostatic Intolerance:
Refer to Suspension Trauma.

Personal fall arrest system:
a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.

Personal Fall Arrest System:
an arrangement of components that together will arrest a person in a fall from a working level. It typically consists of an anchorage, connecting device and body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline or a combination of these.

Personal Fall Limiter (PFL):
a self-retracting lanyard with a quick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. In addition, a PFL offers versatility through dual operation by either attaching directly to the harness back D-ring for use as a personal fall limiter, or can be used as a traditional retractable lifeline.

Positioning device system:
a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning.

Qualified person:
as defined by OSHA 29 CFR 1926.32 (m) someone who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, work, or the project.

Quick-Connect Buckle:
for leg and chest harness straps that interlock similar to a seat belt for easy use and features a dual-tab release mechanism to prevent accidental opening.

Retractable Lifeline:
See Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard.

Rollout:
a process by which a snap hook, carabiner or similar device unintentionally disengages from another component to which it is attached.

Rope Grab:
a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically engages the lifeline and locks to arrest a fall.

Rope grab:
a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both.

Roof:
the exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork which, because a building has not been completed, temporarily become the top surface of a building.

Roofing work:
hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including the construction of the roof deck.

Safety-monitoring system:
a safety system in which a competent person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards. (See competent person, above)

Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard:
a deceleration device containing a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.

Shock Absorber:
a component of a personal fall arrest system which allows dissipation of energy by extending deceleration distance reducing fall arrest forces.

Shock-Absorbing Lanyard:
specially-designed lanyard that elongates during a fall to significantly reduce fall arresting forces.

Snaphook:
a connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.

Snap Hook:
a connector with a hook-shaped member, keeper, latch or other similar arrangement which may be opened to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.

Locking Snap Hook:
a snap hook that includes a locking mechanism which will keep the hook closed and locked until manually unlocked and opened.

Steep roof:
a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Strap – a length of webbing.

Stretchable Harness:
a full-body harness that is more comfortable to wear because the webbing is a blend of nylon, polyester, and a specially-formulated elastomer that stretches. Includes provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline or deceleration device.

Sub-Pelvic Strap:
a full-body harness strap, which passes under the buttocks without passing through the crotch, that is designed to transmit forces applied during fall arrest or post-fall suspension to the sub-pelvic part of the body.

Suspension Trauma (Orthostatic Intolerance):
when a person falls and remains both vertical and sedentary for a period of time, blood pools in the veins of the legs, which could result in unconsciousness. If a person is not rescued quickly, permanent damage and possibly death may result. (Miller Relief Step Safety Device relieves suspension trauma.)

Tie-Back Lanyard:
a flexible line of heavy-duty, abrasion-resistant webbing designed to be used as the connecting device and anchorage connector with a specially-engineered snap hook able to withstand 5,000 lbs. (22kN)

Toeboard:
a low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel.

Tongue Buckle:
an integral connector similar to a standard belt buckle whereby a webbing strap is inserted through the buckle placing the buckle tongue through the appropriate grommet hole. Also known as a Grommet Buckle.

Total Fall Clearance Distance:
the maximum vertical distance that a worker could potentially fall and still avoid contact with a lower level.

Total Fall Distance:
the maximum vertical distance between the full-body harness attachment point and the lowest extremity of the body before and after the fall is arrested including lanyard extension and/or deceleration distance.

Unprotected sides and edges:
any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high.

Walking/working surface:
any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties.

Warning line system:
a barrier erected on a roof to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, and which designates an area in which roofing work may take place without the use of guardrail, body belt, or safety net systems to protect employees in the area.

Work area:
that portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed.

ELECTRIC CHAIN HOIST TERMS / GLOSSARY

below-the-hook lifting devices
Devices that are not normally reeved onto the hoist chain, such as hook-on buckets, magnets, grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.

block loads
An action that facilitates the removal of slings or other lifting devices from under the load, accomplished by bringing the load to rest on wood, metal, or other spacers between the floor and load.

brake
A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

brake, holding
A friction brake for a hoist that is automatically applied and prevents motion when power to the brake is de-energized.

chain, hand
The chain grasped by a person to apply force required for the lifting or lowering motion.

chain, welded link
A chain consisting of a series of interwoven links formed and welded.

designated person
A person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as
being competent to perform specific duties.

hand chain wheel
See wheel, hand chain.

hoist
A machinery unit that is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load.

lifting devices
Devices that are not normally reeved onto the hoist chain, such as hook-on buckets,
magnets, grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.

limit device
A device that is operated by some part or motion of power driven hoist to limit motion.

limit device, primary upper
See primary upper- limit device.

load
The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

load, rated
The maximum load for which a hoist is designated by the manufacturer or a qualified person.

load block
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame
suspended by the hoisting load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting load chain.

load chain
See chain, load.

load suspension parts
The load suspension parts of the hoist are the means of suspension (hook or
lug), the structure or housing which supports the load sprocket, the load sprocket, the load chain, the sprockets, and the load block or hook.

normal operating conditions
Conditions during which a hoist is performing functions within the scope
of the original design.

overload
Any load greater than the rated load.

parts (lines or falls)
Number of lines chain supporting the load block or hook.

pendant station
Controls suspended from the hoist for operating the unit from the floor.

primary upper-limit device
The primary upper-limit device is the first limit device that will be activated to control the upper limit of travel of the load block when a hoist is equipped with more than one upper-limit device.

qualified person
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field or a
certificate of professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work

rated load
See load, rated.

reeving
A system in which chain travels around sprockets.

side pull
The component of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

slack fall stop
A device used to prevent the slack end of load chain from inadvertently being lowered out of the load sprocket.

sprocket, load
A hoist component that transmits motion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel.

switch
A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric or pneumatic circuit (valve).

trolley
A machine unit that travels on a monorail track or crane bridge girder.

trolley hoist
A hoist and trolley unit consisting of a hoist suspended from or mounted to a trolley, or a hoist with an integral trolley.

welded link chain
See chain, welded link.

wheel, hand chain
A wheel with formed pockets on its periphery to allow torque to be transmitted when a
force is applied to the hand chain.

Rack and Pinion / Heugel met Rondsel / Cremalheira e Pinhão

(EN) rack and pinion
(NL) heugel met rondsel, heugel en tandwiel
(PT) cremalheira e pinhão

A rack and pinion is a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages teeth on a flat bar - the rack. Rotational motion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel. For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railcar engages a rack between the rails and pulls a train along a steep slope.

Ship to Shore Crane - Portêiner - Portainer

(EN) Ship To Shore crane (STS crane) - Portainer - Container Crane
(PT) Guindaste STS - Portêiner - Guindaste p. Contêiner
(NL) Ship to Shore Kraan (STS Kraan) - Portainer - Container Kraan

Hoist Standards in Europe, guidelines.

Traditionally, European countries have maintained national standards in reference to a large number of industrial products,
e.g. DIN (Germany), BSI (United Kingdom). In addition the FEM (Federation Europeenne de la Manutention) has published standards specifically for material handling and lifting equipment.
With the creation of the European Union, organizations for standardization were established at different levels of regulatory authority covering numerous product areas. The highest regulatory level is a European Standards Commission.
Its regulations are absolute and regulatory, focusing primarily on worker safety and protection from occupational hazards.

There are three main regulations:
• Machinery Regulation (including Lifting and Material Handling Equipment)
• Low Voltage Electricity Regulation
• EMV – Electro-magnetic Compatibility Regulation

At the next level are CEN (mechanical) and CENELEC (electrical) Standards. They are more detailed and product oriented than the regulations. Per definition, the publications of CEN and CENELEC are “Standards”, non-regulatory guidelines, reflecting state of the art design and construction practices. They are based on the highest level of probability that equipment, designed to these standards will be safe and functional. They do not preclude deviations or “product improvement based on technological progress”.

The goal of the CEN & CENELEC Committees is to harmonize the new, European norms with existing country-specific norms. The committees responsible for generating new standards include workgroups and sub-committees, which are comprised of representatives of related industries, academia and engineering research, as well as legal counsel. When a new CEN/CENELEC standard is introduced and “HARMONIZED” (language, legal, etc.) national norms (DIN (Germany), BS (England), AFNOR (France),
AENOR (Spain), etc) lose validity.

CEN/CENELEC and ISO maintain communication between their committees working on related subjects. FEM is an Industry Association of Material Handling Manufacturers,
similar in nature and function to MHIA Product Councils (HMI, CMAA, MMA, etc.). FEM specifications are not regulatory, yet they are widely accepted in the international arena, and usually referred to in the absence of national standards.

Following is a listing of European standards and specifications for hoists and related equipment:

CEN STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN; website www.cenorm.be) for hoists and related material handling equipment:
EN 341 Cranes – Bridge and Gantry Cranes
EN 13135-1 Cranes – Equipment – Part 1:Electrical Equipment
EN 13135-2 Cranes – Equipment – Part 2:Non-electrical Equipment
EN 13157 Cranes – Safety – Hand Powered Cranes
EN 13155 Cranes – Safety – Non-fixed Load Lifting Attachments
EN 13557 Cranes – Controls and Control Stations
EN 14492-1 Cranes – Power Driven Winches and Hoists – Part 1: Power Driven Winches
EN 14492-2 Cranes – Cranes – Power Driven Winches and Hoists – Part 2: Power Driven Hoists
EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery; Electrical Equipment of Machines; Requirements for Hoisting Machines.

FEM STANDARDS
The Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (FEM; website www.fem-eur.com) publishes many standards for hoists and related material handling equipment. Some of the primary ones are:
FEM 1.002 Illustrated Terminology of Heavy Lifting Equipment
FEM 9.811 Rope and Chain Hoists – General Specifications
FEM 9.511 Rules for the Design of Series Lifting Equipment - Classification of Mechanisms
FEM 9.661 Rules for the design of Series Lifting Equipment - Dimensions and Design of Rope Reeving Components
FEM 9.683 Selection of Hoist and Travel Motors
FEM 9.852 Power Driven Series Hoist Mechanisms, Standardized Test Procedure for Verification of the
Classification
FEM 9.755 Measures for Achieving Safe Working Periods for Motorized Serial Hoist Units (S.W.P.)
FEM 9.751 Power Driven Series Hoist Mechanisms, Safety
FEM 9.901 Rules for the Design of Series Lifting Equipment and Cranes Equipped with Series Lifting Equipment

DIN STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN; website www.din.de) for application, design, maintenance and safety aspects of hoist and related equipment. (DIN EN indicates harmonized standard):
DIN EN 14492-2 Cranes – Power Driven Hoists
DIN EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery; Electrical Equipment of Machines; Requirements for Hoisting Machines.
DIN 3051-Sections 1–4 Lifting Ropes; Steel Wires
DIN 15017 Cranes & Hoists; Principles of Motor and Gear Sizing
DIN 15020- Sections 1–2 Hoists; Principles of Rope Reeving
DIN 15061- Sections 1–2 Cranes & Hoists; Grooves for Rope Sheaves & Drums
DIN 15100 Serial Lifting Equipment; Nomenclature
DIN 15400 through DIN 15414 Detailed Aspects of Load Hooks and Bottom Block Construction

BSI STANDARDS
Selection of primary standards published by British Standards (BSI website www.bsi-global.com) for hoists and related material handling equipment. (BS EN indicates harmonized standard):
BS EN 292 Safety of Machinery
BS EN 14492-2 Cranes – Power Driven Hoists
BS EN 60034-1 Rotating Electrical Machines: Rating and performance
BS EN 60034-5 Types of Enclosures for Rotating Electrical Machines
BS EN 60204-32 Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 32: Requirements for Hoisting Machines

Wire Rope Glossary - English Terms

ABRASION
Frictional surface wear on the wires of a wire rope.

ACCELERATION STRESS
The additional stress that is imposed on a wire rope as a result of an increase in the load velocity.

AGGREGATE STRENGTH
The strength derived by totalling the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the strand or rope. This strength does not recognize the reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the elements in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.

AIRCRAFT CABLES
Strands, cords and wire ropes made of special-strength wire, designed primarily for use in various aircraft industry applications.

ALTERNATE LAY
Lay of a wire rope in which the strands are alternately regular and Lang Lay.

AREA, METALLIC
Sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.

ARMORED ROPE
Rope with individual strands spirally wrapped with flat steel wire.

BACK-STAY
Guy used to support a boom or mast; or that section of a main cable, as on a suspension bridge, cableway, etc., leading from the tower to the anchorage.

BAIL
a) U-shaped member of a bucket, or
b) U-shaped portion of a socket or other fitting used on wire rope.

BASKET OF SOCKET
The conical portion of a socket into which a broomed-rope-end is inserted and then secured.

BECKET
An end attachment to facilitate wire rope installation.

BECKET LOOP
A loop of small rope or strand fastened to the end of a larger wire rope. Its function is to facilitate wire rope installation.

BENDING STRESS
Stress that is imposed on the wires of a strand or rope by a bending or curving action.

BIRDCAGE
A colloquialism descriptive of the appearance of a wire rope forced into compression. The outer strands form a cage and, at times, displace the core.

BLOCK
A term applied to a wire rope sheave (pulley) enclosed in side plates and fitted with some attachment such as a hook or shackle.

BOOM HOIST LINE
Wire rope that operates the boom hoist system of derricks, cranes, draglines, shovels, etc.

BOOM PENDANTS
A non-operating rope or strand with end termination to support the boom.

BREAKING STRENGTH
Breaking Strength is the ultimate load at which a tensile failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested. (Note: The term breaking strength is synonymous with actual strength.) Minimum Acceptance Strength is that strength which is 2-1/2% lower than the catalog or nominal strength. This tolerance is used to offset variables that occur during a sample preparation and actual physical test of a wire rope. Nominal Strength is the published (catalog) strength calculated by a standard procedure that is accepted by the wire rope industry. The wire rope manufacturer designs wire rope to this strength, and the user should consider this strength when making design calculations.

BRIDGE CABLE
(Structural Rope or Strand) The all-metallic wire rope or strand used as the catenary and suspenders on a suspension bridge.

BRIDGE SOCKET
A wire rope or strand end termination made of forged or cast steel that is designed with baskets-having adjustable bolts-for securing rope ends. There are two styles: 1) the closed type has a U-bolt with or without a bearing block in the U of the bolt, and 2) the open type has two eye-bolts and a pin.

BRIDLE SLING
A two-part wire rope sling attached to a single-part line. The legs of the sling are spread to divide and equalize the load.

BRIGHT ROPE
Wire rope fabricated from wires that are not coated.

BRONZE ROPES
Wire rope made of bronze wires.

BUTTON CONVETOR ROPE
Wire ropes to which buttons or discs are attached at regular intervals to move material in a trough.

CABLE
A term loosely applied to wire rope, wire strand and electrical conductors.

CABLE-LAID WIRE ROPE
A type of wire rope consisting of several wire ropes laid into a single wire rope (e.g., 6x42 (6x6x7) tiller rope).

CABLE TOOL DRILLING LINE
The wire rope used to operate the cutting tools in the cable tool drilling method (i.e., rope drilling).

CENTER
The axial member of a strand about which the wires are laid.

CHOKER ROPE
A short wire rope sling that forms a slip noose around an object that is to be moved or lifted.

CLASSIFICATION
Group, or family designation based on wire rope constructions with common strengths and weights listed under the broad designation.

CLEVIS
A “U” shaped fitting with a pin.

CLIP
Fitting for clamping two parts of wire rope to each other.

CLOSED SOCKET
A wire rope end termination consisting of basket and bail made integral.

CLOSER
A machine that lays strands around a core to form rope.

CLOSING LINE
Wire rope that performs two functions: 1) closes a clamshell or orange peel bucket, and 2) operates as a hoisting rope.

COIL
Circular bundle or package of wire rope that is not affixed to a reel.

COME-ALONG
Device for making a temporary grip on a wire rope.

COMMON STRAND
Galvanized strand made of galvanized iron wire whose grade is common iron.

CONICAL DRUM
Grooved hoisting drum of tapering diameter.

CONSTRUCTION
Geometric design description of the wire rope's cross section. This includes the number of STRANDS, the number of WIRES per strand and the pattern of wire arrangement in each STRAND.

CONSTRUCTIONAL STRETCH
The stretch that occurs when the rope is loaded-it is due to the helically laid wires and strands creating a constricting action that compresses the core and generally brings all of the rope's elements into close contact.

CONTINUOUS BEND
Reeving of wire rope over sheaves and drums so that it bends in the same direction, as opposed to reverse bend.

CORD
Term applied to small sizes of wire ropes.

CORE
The axial member of a wire rope about which the strands are laid.

CORING LINE
Wire rope used to operate the coring tool for taking core samples during the drilling of a well.

CORROSION
Chemical decomposition of the wires in a rope through the action of moisture, acids, alkalines or other destructive agents.

CORROSION-RESISTING STEEL
Chrome-nickel steel alloys designed for increased resistance to corrosion.

CORRUGATED
Term used to describe the grooves of a SHEAVE or DRUM after these have been worn down to a point where they show an impression of a wire rope.

CREEP
The unique movement of a wire rope with respect to a drum surface or sheave surface resulting from the asymmetrical load between one side of the sheave (drum) and the other. It is not dissimilar to the action of a caterpillar moving over a flat surface. It should be distinguished from slip which is yet another type of relative movement between rope and the sheave or drum surface.

CRITICAL DIAMETER
Diameter of the smallest bend for a given wire rope which permits the wires and strands to adjust themselves by relative movement while remaining in their normal position.

CROWD ROPE
A wire rope used to drive or force a power shovel bucket into the material that is to be handled.

CYLINDRICAL DRUM
Hoisting drum of uniform diameter.

DEAD-LINE
In drilling, it is the end of the rotary drilling line fastened to the anchor or dead-line clamp.

DECELERATION STRESS
The additional stress that is imposed on a wire rope as a result of a decrease in the load velocity.

DESIGN FACTOR
In a wire rope, it is the ratio of the nominal strength to the total working load.

DIAMETER
A line segment which passes through the center of a circle and whose end points lie on the circle. As related to wire rope it would be the diameter of a circle which circumscribes the wire rope.

DOG-LEG
Permanent bend or kink, in a wire rope, caused by improper use or handling.

DRAGLINE
a) Wire rope used for pulling excavating or drag buckets, and
b) name applied to a specific type of excavator.

DRUM
A cylindrical flanged barrel, either of uniform or tapering diameter, on which rope is wound either for operation or storage; its surface may be smooth or grooved.

EFFICIENCY
Ratio of a wire rope's actual breaking strength and the aggregate strength of all individual wires tested separately-usually expressed as a percentage.

ELASTIC LIMIT
Stress limit above which permanent deformation will take place within the material.

END PREPARATION
The treatment of the end of a length of wire rope designed primarily as an aid for pulling the rope through a reeving system or tight drum opening. Unlike END TERMINATIONS, these are not designed for use as a method for making a permanent connection.

END TERMINATION
The treatment at the end or ends of a length of wire rope, usually made by forming an eye or attaching a fitting and designed to be the permanent end termination on the wire rope that connects it to the load.

ENDLESS ROPE
Rope with ends spliced together to form a single continuous loop.

EQUALIZING SHEAVE
The sheave at the center of a rope system over which no rope movement occurs other than equalizing movement. It is frequently overlooked during crane inspections, with disastrous consequences. It can be a source of severe degradation.

EQUALIZING THIMBLE
Special type of fitting used as a component part of some wire rope slings.

EXTRA IMPROVED PLOW, STEEL ROPE
A specific wire rope grade.

EXTRA HIGH STRENGTH STRAND
A grade of galvanized or bright strand.

EYE OR EYE SPLICE
A loop, with or without a thimble, formed at the end of a wire rope.

FACTOR OF SAFETY
In the wire rope industry, this term was originally used to express the ratio of nominal strength to the total working load. The term is no longer used since it implies a permanent existence for this ratio when, in actuality, the rope strength begins to reduce the moment it is placed in service. See DESIGN FACTOR.

FATIGUE
As applied to wire rope, the term usually refers to the process of progressive fracture resulting from the bending of individual wires. These fractures may and usually do occur at bending stresses well below the ultimate strength of the material; it is not an abnormality although it may be accelerated due to conditions in the rope such as rust or lack of lubrication.

FIBER CENTER
Cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic fiber used as the axial member of a strand.

FIBER CORE
Cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic fiber used as the axial member of a rope.

FILLER WIRE
Small spacer wires within a strand which help position and support other wires. Also the name for the type of strand pattern utilizing filler wires.

FITTING
Any functional accessory attached to a wire rope.

FLAT ROPE Wire rope that is made of a series of parallel, alternating right-lay and left-lay ropes, sewn together with relatively soft wires.

FLATTENED STRAND ROPE
Wire rope that is made either of oval or triangular shaped strands in order to form a flattened rope surface.

FLEET ANGLE
That angle between the rope's position at the extreme end wrap on a drum, and a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the drum through the center of the nearest fixed sheave. See DRUM and SHEAVE.

FLEMISH EYE SPLICE
In the standard flemish eye mechanical splice, rope is separated into two parts - 3 adjacent strands, and 3 adjacent strands and core. These two parts are then re-laid back in opposite directions to form an eye, and ends are secured with a pressed metal sleeve.

GALVANIZED
Zinc coating for corrosion resistance.

GALVANIZED ROPE
Rope made of galvanized wire.

GALVANIZED STRAND
Strand made of galvanized wire.

GALVANIZED WIRE
Wire coated with zinc.

GRADE
Wire rope or strand classification by strength and/or type of material, i.e., Improved Plow Steel, Type 302 Stainless, Phosphor Bronze, etc. It does not imply a strength of the basic wire used to meet the rope's nominal strength.

GRADES, ROPE
Classification of wire rope by the wire's metallic composition and the rope's nominal strength.

GROMMET
An endless circle or ring fabricated from one continuous length of strand or rope.

Grommets are a unique type of sling which form a continuous loop. The splice area should not come into contact with the load or the lifting device.

GROOVED DRUM
Drum with a grooved surface that accommodates the rope &/or wire rope and guides it for proper winding.

GROOVES
Depressions-helical or parallel-in the surface of a sheave or drum that are shaped to position and support the rope.

GUARD RAIL CABLE
A galvanizad wire rope or strand erected along a highway.

GUY LINE
Strand or rope, usually galvanized, for stabilizing or maintaining a structure in fixed position.

HAULAGE ROPE
Wire Rope used for pulling movable devices such as cars that roll on a track.

HAWSER
Wire rope, usually galvanized, used for towing or mooring marine vessels.

HIGH STRENGTH STRAND
Grade of galvanized or bright strand.

HOLDING LINE
Wire rope on a clamshell or orange peel bucket that suspends the bucket while the closing line is released to dump its load.

IDLER
Sheave or roller used to guide or support a rope.

IMPROVED PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC)
A wire rope used as the axial member of a larger wire rope.

INNER WIRES
All wires of a strand except the outer or cover wires.

INTERNALLY LUBRICATED
Wire rope or strand having all of its wire components coated with lubricants.

IRON ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

IWRC
Independent Wire Rope Core.

KINK
A unique deformation of a wire rope caused by a loop of rope being pulled down tight. It represents irreparable damage to and an indeterminate loss of strength in the rope.

Sharp bend in a wire rope that permanently distorts the wires and strands.

LAGGING
a) External wood covering on a reel to protect the wire rope or strand, or
b) the grooved shell of a drum.

LAY
a)The manner in which the wires in a strand or the strands in a rope are helically laid, or
b) the distance measured parallel to the axis of the rope (or strand) in which a strand (or wire) makes one complete helical convolution about the core (or center). In this connection, lay is also referred to as LAY LENGTH or PITCH.

LAY TYPES

Right Lay: The direction of strand or wire helix corresponding to that of a right hand screw thread.

Left Lay: The direction of strand or wire helix corresponding to that of a left hand screw thread.

Cross Lay: Rope or strand in which one or more operations are performed in opposite directions. A multiple operation product is described according to the direction of the outside layer.

Regular Lay: The type of rope wherein the lay of the wires in the strand is in the opposite direction to the lay of the strand in the rope. The crowns of the wires appear to be parallel to the axis of the rope.

Lang Lay: The type of rope in which the lay of the wires in the strand is in the same direction as the lay of the strand in the rope. The crowns of the wires appear to be at an angle to the axis of the rope.

Alternate Lay: Lay of a wire rope in which the strands are alternately regular and lang lay.

Alberts Lay: An old, rarely used term for lang lay.
Reverse Lay: Another term for alternate lay.
Spring Lay: This is not definable as a unique lay; more properly, it refers to a specific wire rope construction.

LEAD LINE
That part of a rope tackle leading from the first, or fast, sheave to the drum.

LINE
Synonymous term for WIRE ROPE.

LOCKED COIL STRAND
Smooth-surfaced strand ordinarily constructed of shaped, outer wires arranged in concentric layers around a center of round wires.

LOOP
A 360° change of direction in the course of a wire rope which when pulled down tight will result in a kink.

MARLINE SPIKE
Tapered steel pin used in splicing wire rope.

MARTENSITE
A brittle micro-constituent of steel formed when the steel is heated above its critical temperature and rapidly quenched. This occurs in wire rope as a result of frictional heating and the mass cooling effect of the cold metal beneath. Martensite cracks very easily, and such cracks can propagate from the surface through the entire wire.

MILD PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

MILKING
Sometimes called IRONING, it is the progressive movement of strands along the axis of the rope, resulting from the rope's movement through a restricted passage such as a tight sheave.

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Mathematical quantity expressing the ratio, within the elastic limit, between a definite range of unit stress on a wire rope and the corresponding unit elongation.

MOORING LINES
Galvanized wire rope, usually 6x12, 6x24, or 6x37 class for holding ships to dock.

NON-PREFORMED
Rope or strand that is not preformed. See PREFORMED STRANDS and PREFORMED ROPE.

NON-ROTATING WIRE ROPE
Term, now abandoned, referring to 19 x 7 or 18 x 7 rope.

NON-SPINNING WIRE ROPE
See ROTATION RESISTANT ROPE.

OPEN SOCKET
A wire rope fitting that consists of a basket and two ears with a pin. See FITTING.

OUTER WIRES
Outer layer of wires.

PEENING
Permanent distortion resulting from cold plastic metal deformation of the outer wires. Usually caused by pounding against a sheave or machine member, or by heavy operating pressure between rope and sheave, rope and drum, or rope and adjacent wrap of rope.

PLOW STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

PREECE TEST
A recognized standard of testing the galvanized coating on a wire.

PREFORMED STRANDS
Strand in which the wires are permanently formed during fabrication into the helical shape they will assume in the strand.

PREFORMED WIRE ROPE
Wire rope in which the strands are permanently formed during fabrication into the helical shape they will assume in the wire rope.

PRESTRESSING
An incorrect reference to PRESTRETCHING.

PRESTRETCHING
Subjecting a wire rope or strand to tension prior to its intended application, for an extent and over a period of time sufficient to remove most of the CONSTRUCTIONAL STRETCH.

Stressing a wire rope or strand before use under such a tension and for such a time that the constructional stretch is largely removed.

PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
As used in the rope industry, this term has virtually the same meaning as ELASTIC LIMIT. It is the end of the load versus elongation relationship at which an increase in load no longer produces a proportional increase in elongation and from which point recovery to the rope's original length is unlikely.

RATED CAPACITY
The load which a new wire rope or wire rope sling may handle under given operating conditions and at an assumed DESIGN FACTOR.

REEL
A flanged spool on which wire rope or strand is wound for storage or shipment.

REEVE
To pass a rope through a hole or around a system of sheaves.

RESERVE STRENGTH
The strength of a rope exclusive of the outer wires.
=>https://www.hanessupply.com/glossary.asp

Strength represented by the inner wires of a wire rope.
=>http://www.cableworksriggingco.com/glos.htm

REVERSE BEND
Reeving a wire rope over sheaves and drums so that it bends in opposing directions.

ROLLERS
Relatively small-diameter cylinders, or wide-faced sheaves, that serve as support for ropes.

ROTARY LINE
On a rotary drilling rig, it is the wire rope used for raising and lowering the drill pipe, as well as for controlling its position.

ROTATION-RESISTANT ROPE
A wire rope consisting of an inner layer of strand laid in one direction covered by a layer of strand laid in the opposite direction. This has the effect of counteracting torque by reducing the tendency of finished rope to rotate.

ROUND-WIRE TRACK STRAND
Strand composed of concentric layers of round WIRES, used as TRACK CABLE.

SAFETY FACTOR
See DESIGN FACTOR.

SAFE WORKING LOAD
This term is potentially misleading and is, therefore, in disfavor. Essentially, it refers to that portion of the nominal rope strength that can be applied either to move or sustain a load. It is misleading because it is only valid when the rope is new and equipment is in good condition. See RATED CAPACITY.

SAND LINE
In well drilling, it is the wire rope that operates the bailer that removes water and drill cuttings.

SEALE
The name for a type of strand pattern that has two adjacent layers laid in one operation with any number of uniform sized wires in the outer layer, and with the same number of uniform but smaller sized wires in the inner layer.

SEIZE
To make a secure binding at the end of a wire rope or strand with SEIZING WIRE or SEIZING STRAND.

SEIZING STRAND
Small strand usuall of 7 wires made of soft annealed wire.

SEIZING WIRE
Soft annealed wire.

SERVE
To cover the surface of a wire rope or strand with a fiber cord or wire wrapping.

SHACKLE
A “U” or anchor-shaped fitting with pin.

SHEAVE
A grooved pulley for wire rope.

SLING, WIRE ROPE
An assembly fabricated from WIRE ROPE which connects the load to the lifting device.

SLING, BRAIDED
A flexible sling, the body of which is made up of two or more WIRE ROPES braided together. See SLINGS.

SMOOTH-FACED DRUM
Drum with a plain, ungrooved surface. See DRUM.

SOCKET
Generic name for a type of wire rope fitting.

SPIN RESISTANT
An abandoned term referring to a ROTATION-RESISTANT rope of the 8 x 19 classification.

SPIRAL GROOVE
A continuous helical groove that follows a path on and around a drum face, similar to a screw thread. See DRUM.

SPLICING
Making a loop or eye in the end of a rope by tucking the ends of the strands back into the main body of the rope.
Formation of loops or eyes in a rope by means of mechanical attachments pressed onto the rope.
Joining of two rope ends so as to form a long or short splice in two pieces of rope.

STAINLESS STEEL ROPE
Wire rope made up of corrosion resistant steel wires.

STEEL CLAD ROPE
Rope with individual strands spirally wrapped with flat steel wire.

STONE SAWING STRAND
A plurality of round or shaped wires helically laid about an axis.

STRAND
Usually a 3-wire strand used in quarrying stone or slate.

STRANDER
A machine that lays wires together helically to form a strand.

STRESS
The force or resistance within any solid body against alteration of form; in the case of a solid wire it would be the load on the rope divided by the cross-section area of the wire.

STRETCH
The elongation of a wire rope under load.

SWAGED FITTING
Fitting into which wire rope can be inserted and then permanently attached by cold pressing (swaging) the shank that encloses the rope.

TAG LINE
A small wire rope used to prevent rotation of a load.

TAPERING & WELDING
Reducing the diameter of the end of a wire rope and welding it to facilitate reeving.

THIMBLE
Grooved metal fitting to protect the eye, or fastening loop of a wire rope.

TILLER ROPE CABLE
A very flexible operating rope, commonly made by laying six 6x7 ropes around a fiber core resulting in a 6x42 construction. As well as, a 3/32 inch 7x7 galvanized cable coated to an outside diameter of 3/16 inch with vinyl or nylon.

TINNED WIRE
Wire coated with tin.

TRACK CABLE
On an aerial system it is the suspended wire rope or strand along which the carriers move.

TRACTION ROPE
On an aerial conveyor or haulage system it is the wire rope that propels the carriages.

TRACTION STEEL ROPE
A specific grade of wire rope.

TRAMWAY
An aerial conveying system for transporting multiple loads.

TURN
Synonymous with the term WRAP; it signifies a single wrap around a drum.

TURNBUCKLE
Device attached to wire rope for making limited adjustments in length. It consists of a barrel and right and left hand thread bolts.

WARRINGTON
The name for a type of strand pattern that is characterized by having one of its wire layers (usually the outer) made up of an arrangement of alternately large and small wires.

WEDGE SOCKET
Wire rope fittings wherein the rope end is secured by a wedge.

WIRE (ROUND)
A single, continuous length of metal, with a circular cross-section that is cold-drawn from rod.

WIRE ROPE
A plurality of wire strands helically laid about an axis.

WIRE STRAND CORE (WSC)
A wire strand used as the axial member of a wire rope.

OVERHEAD CRANE GLOSSARY - english terminology

GUIDE TO OVERHEAD CRANES:

This information is intended to give a general understanding of the terminology used in the overhead crane industry.


CRANE COMPONENTS

Bridge
The main travelling structure of the crane which spans the width of the bay. The bridge consists of two end carriages and one or two bridge girders depending on the Equipment type.

End Carriages
Located on either side of the span, the end carriages house the wheels on which the entire crane travels. These wheels ride on the gantry beam allowing access to the entire length of the bay.

Bridge Girder(s)
The principal horizontal beam of the Crane Bridge which supports the trolley and is supported by the end carriages.

Trolley Hoist
The unit consisting of both the hoist and the trolley frame. In situations where more than one hoist is required on one crane, hoists can be supplied on a single trolley or on separate trolleys.

Trolley
The trolley carries the hoist across the bay along the bridge girder(s) traversing the span.

Hoist
The hoist is mounted to the trolley and performs the actual lifting function via a hook or lifting attachment. There are two basic types of Hoist. The first is the Wire Rope Hoist which is very durable and will provide hoist long term, reliable usage. The other type of hoist is the Chain Hoist. These Hoists are used for lower capacity, lighter duty applications and for projects in which cost is a primary deciding factor.


BASIC TERMINOLOGY

Capacity /SWL
The maximum weight the crane will be required to lift.

Span
The horizontal distance between the rails of the runway or crane is to travel.

Height of Lift
The required distance from the floor to the crane hook. This dimension is critical in most applications as it determines the height of the Gantry from the floor and is dependent on the clear inside height of the building.

Bridge, Trolley and Lift Speeds
The rate at which the bridge or trolley travels, or at which the hoist lifts, usually in metres per minute or mpm. You may specify either single speed or two speed travel/lift or a specific rate of speed, (i.e 32 & 8 mpm bridge travel). Another option as far as motion speeds are concerned is a variable frequency drive. See the Control Section for more information.


EQUIPMENT TYPES

This section specifies the kind of equipment you require. Overhead Cranes come in four basic configurations;


Top Running
The Crane bridge travels on top of rails mounted on a Gantry Beam supported by either the building columns or columns specifically engineered for the crane.

Under Running
The Crane Bridge travels on the bottom flange of the runway beam which is usually supported by the roof structure or a Goal Post Structure.

Single Girder
The Crane consists of two end carriages, a single bridge girder and the trolley hoist unit. The trolley runs on the bottom flange of the bridge girder.

Double Girder
The Crane consists of two end carriages, two bridge girders and the trolley hoist unit. The trolley runs on rails on top of the girders. A variation on these types of overhead crane are Goliath cranes. These cranes are essentially the same as the standard overhead cranes, however the bridge girder(s) are connected to “legs” on either side of the span. These “legs” eliminate the supporting Gantry and column system and connect to the end carriages which run on a rail either embedded in, or laid on top of the floor. For some applications only a Trolley Hoist is required. For instance in the case of a monorail system a Trolley Hoist Unit similar to the one used on single girder cranes is mounted on a beam which might be used to service an assembly line within the clients facility. Other clients may have an existing single or double girder crane bridge and may just want to replace the unit. In most of these situations, capacity permitting, we can provide either a wire rope or chain hoist. Another solution which may fit your needs is a Jib Crane. A jib Crane basically consists of a boom which is supported as a cantilever on a column. A Trolley Hoist travels along the boom which can rotate.


CONTROL

Pendant
The Pendant gives the operator precise control over the motions of the crane. There are many configurations of pendant depending on the functions of the equipment being controlled. Each pushbutton on the pendant controls an operating function of the crane. The pendant may be suspended from the Trolley Hoist, requiring the operator to walk with and beside the load, or on a separate sliding track system allowing the operator to move independently of the load.

VFD
A pendant can also be used in conjunction with a variable frequency drive. A VFD is used to vary the frequency of the motors controlling the motions allowing for smooth acceleration and deceleration. The buttons on the pendant operate a VFD unit in much the same way as two speed control. The first step is held to maintain the current speed while the second step is used for acceleration. Deceleration is achieved by releasing the button entirely. Pressing the button back to the first step will maintain the new slower speed. It should be noted that the deceleration is not achieved through uncontrolled coasting but through a programmable dynamic braking system. The control provided by a VFD allows for a high level of customization.


Radio Control
The radio control performs exactly like the pendant but operates using a radio frequency. The radio control incorporates numerous safety features and allows the operator a greater range of operator motion than a pendant. Power Supply – The electrical service available in the building for which the crane is being designed (i.e 415 Volt, 3 phase, 50 Hertz). Enclosures – The enclosures house all the electrical components on the crane and are rated to meet the conditions in the surrounding environment.


GANTRY

The rails, beams and columns on which the crane operates. The rail on which the end carriages run, is fastened to the Gantry Beam. This Beam is then supported on Columns (Top Running) or from the roof structure (Under Running). The existing building columns can be used or new ones can be supplied with the system. New columns can either be completely free standing or tied back to the existing building structure for additional lateral support. When designing a gantry system that is utilizing existing building columns, it is important to provide the centre to centre spacing between the columns. Conductors supply power to the crane and are mounted on the gantry beam.

Crane Glossary - English Terminology

Abnormal operating conditions
General
Environmental con­ditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a crane, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to ad­verse weather, corrosive fumes, dust-laden or mois­ture-laden atmospheres, and hazardous locations. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Access platform
Overhead Crane
A limited length platform, located on the idler girder to access to the endtruck wheels only.

Adjustable or variable voltage
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage can be adjusted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Administrative or regulatory authority
Regulatory
Governmental agency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdic­tion, the employer. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Ambient temperature
General
The temperature of the at­mosphere surrounding the hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Ampacity
Bridge Crane Bridge Crane Electrical
The current carrying capacity expressed in amperes. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Appointed
Regulatory
Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer’s representative. (ASME B30-17)

Authorized
Regulatory
Appointed by a duly constituted adminis­trative or regulatory authority. (ASME B30-17)

Automatic crane
Overhead Crane
A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Automatic dispatch carrier
Monorail
A carrier which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Auxiliary hoist
Hoist
A supplemental hoisting unit, usually designed to handle lighter loads at a higher sped than the main host. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Axle, fixed
Drive
A shaft which is fixed in the end truck and about which the wheel revolves. (WCH)

Axle, rotating
Drive
A shaft which is fixed in the wheel and which rotates on bearings fixed in the end truck. (WCH)

B-10 bearing life
General
The B-lO bearing life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, in hours, of 9O~7o of a group of bearings which are operated at a given speed and loading. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Base or deck mounted (hoist)
Hoist
A type of mounting where the hoist is mounted to the top side of a horizontal supporting surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Battery system (backup)
Below Hook Device
Batteries used to guard against inadvertent load release due to loss of primary power to magnet system. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Beam
Overhead Crane & Hoist
An overhead standard structural or spe­cially fabricated shape on which the trolley operates. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bearing life
General
The L-10 life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life, hours, of 90 percent of a group of bearings which are operating-at a given speed and loading. The average expected life of the bear­ings is approximately five times the L-10 life. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bearing, lifetime lubricated
General
An antifriction bearing which is provided with seals and a high-stability oxidation-resistant grease to permit operation of the bearing without re-lubrication for not less than the specified B-10 life.

Below the hook device



BHN
General
Brinell hardness number, measurement of material hardness. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Block, load
Hoist
The assembly of hook, swivel, bearings, sheaves, pins and frame suspended from the hoisting ropes. In a “short type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on the same member, called the swivel. In a “long type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on separate members. (The supporting member for the sheaves is called the sheave pin and the supporting member for the hook is called the trunnion. (WCH)

Block, upper
Hoist
A fixed assembly of sheaves, bearings, pins and frame, located on the trolley cross members, and which supports the load block and its load by means of the ropes. (WCH)

Bogie
Overhead Crane
A short end truck attached to the end of one girder (or to a connecting member if more than one bogie is used per girder). This type of end truck is used when more than four wheels are required on a crane due to the design of the runway. (WCH)

Bogie, equalizing
Hoist
A short end truck which is flexibly connected to one girder (or connecting member) by means of a pin upon which the truck can oscillate to equalize the loading on the two truck wheels. This construction uses a very rigid end tie between the girders. (WCH)

Bogie, fixed
Overhead Crane
A short end truck which is rigidly connected to one girder. A flexible end tie is used between the girders to permit equalization of the wheel loads by torsional deflection of the girders and flexing of the end tie. (WCH)

Boom (of gantry cranes)
Overhead Crane
An extension of the trolley runway that may be raised or retracted to obtain clearance for gantry travel. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Boom (of overhead cranes)
Overhead Crane
A horizontal member mounted on the trolley to permit hoisting and low­ering the load at a point other than directly under the hoist drum or trolley. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Box section
Overhead Crane
The rectangular cross section of girders, trucks or other members enclosed on four sides. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Brake
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Brake, Bridge Crane Control
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by re­moving energy from the moving body or by imparting energy in the opposite direction. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, countertorque (plugging)
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the power to the motor is reversed to de­velop torque in the direction opposite to the rotation of the motor using the motor as a generator, with the energy being dissipated by resistance. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, drag
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A friction brake that provides a continuous retarding force having no external Bridge Crane Control. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, dynamic
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by block, load the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel. bearing, sheaves, sprockets. pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting rope or load chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, eddy current
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by means of an Bridge Crane Electrical induction load brake. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, emergency
Overhead Crane
A method of decelerating a drive when power is not available. The braking effort may be established as a result of action by the operator, or auto­matically when power to the drive is interrupted.(ASME B30-17)

Brake, holding
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A friction brake for a hoist that is automatically applied and prevents motion when power to the brake is off. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Brake, hydraulic
Overhead Crane
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reducing speed by means of displacement of a liquid. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, mechanical
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or reduc­ing speed by friction. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, mechanical load
Hoist
An automatic type of friction brake used for Bridge Crane Controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the mo­tor or hand chain wheel to lower a load but does not impose any additional load on the motor or hand chain wheel when lifting a load. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Brake, parking
Overhead Crane
A brake for bridge and trolley that may be automatically or manually applied to impede horizon­tal motion by restraining wheel rotation. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, pneumatic
Overhead Crane
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling or pow­ering a drive or brake by means of compressed gas. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, regenerative
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the motor is fed back into the power system. (ASME B30-17)

Brake, service
Overhead Crane
A brake for bridge or trolley used by the operator, during normal operation, to apply a retarding force. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Branch circuit
Bridge Crane Control
The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Breakaway force
Below Hook Device
The external force that is required to separate the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device from the load when applied perpendicular to the attachment surface. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Bridge
Overhead Crane
That part of an overhead crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, walkway and drive mechanism which car­ries the trolley and travels in a direction parallel to the runway. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge (crane) travel
Overhead Crane
Crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Bridge conductors
Overhead Crane
The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge crane, top running
Overhead Crane


Bridge Crane, Under running
Overhead Crane


Bridge girder (crane girder)
Overhead Crane
Crane member on which carriers or trolleys travel, horizontally mounted between and supported by the end trucks. Building Structure. The structural members of a building which support the building loads and on which the loads of crane or monorail equipment, and the material to be moved, will be imposed. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge rail
Overhead Crane
The rail supported by the bridge girders on which the trolley travels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge travel
Overhead Crane
The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Bumper (buffer)
Overhead Crane
An energy absorbing device for reduc­ing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel, or when two moving cranes or trolleys come into contact. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cab
Overhead Crane
The operator’s compartment on a crane. (ASME B30-17)

Cab Bridge Crane Controlled

Equipment Bridge Crane Controlled from an operator’s cab. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cab, normal
Overhead Crane
Operator’s compartment used for Bridge Crane Controlling a cab-operated crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Cab, skeleton
Overhead Crane
Operator’s compartment used for oc­casional cab operation of, normally, a floor- or remote-operated crane or carrier. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Cab-operated crane
Overhead Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Camber
Overhead Crane
The slight upward vertical curve given to girders to compensate partially for deflection due to hook load and weight of the Crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cantilever frame
Overhead Crane
A structural member that supports the trolley of a wall crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Capacity
General
The maximum rated load (in tons) which a cranes designed. to handle. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Carrier (also known as trolley)
Hoist
A unit that travels on the bottom flange of a monorail track, jib boom, or bridge girder to transport a load. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Carrier (trolley)
Overhead Crane & Hoist
An assembly with wheels which will run on monorail track or crane girders and which will support a load. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Carrier head
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A 2-wheel assembly used with load bars to form a carrier or end truck. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Ceiling mounted
Hoist
A type of hoist mounting where the hoist is mounted to the underside of a horizontal supporting surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Chain, hand
Hoist
The chain grasped by the operator to apply force required for lifting, lowering, or traveling motions. (ASME B30-17)

Chain, load
Hoist
The load-bearing chain in a hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Chain, roller
Hoist
A series of alternately assembled roller links and pin links in which the pins articulate inside the bushings and the rollers are free to turn on the bushings. Pins and bushings are press fit in their respective link plates. . (ASME B30-16-1993)

Chain, welded link
Hoist
A chain consisting of a series of interwoven links fanned and welded. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Circuit breaker
Bridge Crane Electrical
A device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Clamp
Monorail
A type of suspension fitting used to sup­port tracks from an overhead structure fastened to the structure by means of pressure rather than welding or direct bolting. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Clearance
General
Minimum distance from the extremity of a crane to the nearest obstruction. (CMAA Spec. 70)

CMAA
Overhead Crane
Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (for­merly EQOI—Electric Overhead Crane Institute). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cold current
Below hook device
The current drawn by the magnet when its coil is at 680F (200C) and at rated voltage. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Cold current
Below hook device
That current drawn by the magnet when its coil is at 680F (200C) and at rated voltage. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Collector, shoe
Bridge Crane Electrical
The portion of a collector which makes contact by sliding on the conductor bar. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collector, wheel
Bridge Crane Electrical
The portion of a collector which makes contact by rolling on the conductor bar. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collectors
Bridge Crane Electrical
Contacting devices for collecting current from the runway or bridge conductors. The mainline collec­tors are mounted on the bridge to transmit current from the runway conductors, and the trolley collectors are mounted on the trolley to transmit current from the bridge conductors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Collectors
Bridge Crane Electrical
Electrical contacting devices providing a path for current flow from stationary conductors to moving equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Collectors, current
Bridge Crane Electrical
Contacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Conductors, bridge
Overhead Crane
The electrical conductors located along the bridge girder(s) to provide power and Bridge Crane Control circuits to the trolley. (Sometimes incorrectly called trolley conductors). (WCH)

Conductors, enclosed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A bar used to transmit an electrical current, enclosed in a non-conducting material to minimize accidental contact with the conductor. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Conductors, open
Bridge Crane Electrical
A bar used to transmit an electrical current. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Conductors, runway (main)
Bridge Crane Electrical
The electrical conductors located along a crane runway that transmit Bridge Crane Control signals and power to the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Contactor
Bridge Crane Electrical
An electromechanical device for open­ing and closing an electric power circuit. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Contactor, magnetic
Bridge Crane Control
An electro-magnetic device for opening and closing an electric power circuit. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge Crane Control actuator
Bridge Crane Electrical
A manual means at the operating station by which hoist Bridge Crane Controls are energized. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control braking means
Overhead Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by removing energy from the moving body or by imparting energy in the opposite direction. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control enclosure
Bridge Crane Electrical
The housing containing the elec­trical Bridge Crane Control component. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Bridge Crane Control panel
Bridge Crane Electrical
See Bridge Crane Control enclosure.

Bridge Crane Control voltage.
Bridge Crane Electrical
The voltage impressed on the Bridge Crane Control devices. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, multi-speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system pro­viding more than one speed operation in either direction using multi-speed squirrel cage. motors. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, single speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system providing one speed operation in either direction. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Bridge Crane Control, variable speed
Bridge Crane Electrical
A drive Bridge Crane Control system providing more than one speed operation in either direction using wound-rotor motors.

Bridge Crane Controller
Bridge Crane Control
A device for regulating in a pre-determined way the power delivered to the motor or other equipment. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Bridge Crane Controller, manual
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Controller having all of its basic functions performed by devices which are operated by hand. (ASME B30-17)

Bridge Crane Controller, spring return
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Controller that, when re­leased, will return automatically to a neutral (off) positioning, static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that governs the flow of power to or from a motor or other equip­ment in response to signals from a master switch, push-button station, remote Bridge Crane Control, automatic pro­gram Bridge Crane Control, or other similar device. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Countertorque
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by applying a variable motor torque in the direction op­posite to the direction that the motor is rotating due to being overhauled by the load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Couplings (splices)

Mechanical devices used to join the adjacent ends of track sections. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cover plate
Overhead Crane
The top or bottom plate of a box girder. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Crane

A machine for lifting, lowering, and moving a load with the hoisting mechanism a part of the machine. Cranes may be traveling, portable, or fixed type.

Traveling Cranes. Cranes that follow a fixed path

Underhung Crane. A traveling crane with a movable bridge running on the lower flanges of an overhead fixed runway structure and carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crane girder
Bridge Crane
See Bridge Girder. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crane service, heavy
Bridge Crane
Service that involves operating at 85 to 100% of rated load or in excess of 10 lift cycles/hr as a regular specified procedure. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane service, normal
Bridge Crane
Service that involves operat­ing at less than 85% of rated load and not more than 10 lift cycles/hr except for isolated instances. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane service, normal
Bridge Crane
That service which involves operation with randomly distributed loads within the rated load limit, or with uniform loads of less than 65% of the rated load, for no more than 15% of the time of a single work shift for manually operated cranes and 25% of the time of a single work shift for electrically or pneu­matically powered cranes. (ASME B30-17)

Crane service, severe
Bridge Crane
Service that involves normal or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, automatic
Bridge Crane
A crane which when activated oper­ates through a preset cycle or cycles. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, cab-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator in a cab attached to the bridge or trolley (refer to Fig. 1). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, cantilever gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry or semigantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides (refer to Fig. 2). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, floor-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane that is Bridge Crane Controlled by a means suspended from the crane, operated by a person on the floor or on an independent platform (refer to Fig. 3) (ASME B30-17)

Crane, gantry
Bridge Crane
A crane similar to an overhead crane, except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway (refer to Fig. 4). (ASME B30-17)

Crane, hot molten material-handling
Bridge Crane
An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, manually operated
Bridge Crane
A crane whose hoist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, or whose travel mechanism is driven in the same man­ner or by manually moving the load or hook. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, outdoor storage gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry-type crane of long span usually used for storage of bulk material such as ore, coal, or other similar items; the bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or nonrigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends. . (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, overhead
Bridge Crane
A crane with a single or multiple girder movable bridge crane a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, polar
Bridge Crane
An overhead or gantry crane that trav­els on a circular runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, pulpit-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, remote-operated
Bridge Crane
A crane Bridge Crane Controlled by an oper­ator who is not in a pulpit or in a cab attached to the crane, by any method other than a means suspended from the crane. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, semi-gantry
Bridge Crane
A gantry with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by an end truck running on an ele­vated rail or runway. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Crane, single-girder
Bridge Crane
A crane having one bridge girder mounted between, and supported from, the end trucks. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Crane, standby
Bridge Crane
A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (ASME B30-17)

Crane, wall
Bridge Crane
A crane having a cantilever frame with or without trolley, and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or columns. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Cranes, fixed
Bridge Crane
Cranes which are non-mobile. Derricks and jib cranes are classified as fixed cranes. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cranes, portable
Bridge Crane
Cranes having a revolving superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom mounted on a fully mobile carriage not confined to a fixed path. Crawler, locomotive and truck cranes are classified as portable cranes.

Creep speed
Bridge Crane Control
A very slow, constant, continuous, fixed rate of motion of the hoist, trolley, or bridge: usually established at 1% to 10% of the normal full load speed. (WCH)

Cross shaft
Crane
The shaft extending across the bridge, used to transmit torque from motor to bridge drive wheels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Crossover. (fixed transfer section)
Monorail
A connecting track with an interlock mechanism on both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one bridge to the other. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Crosstrack switch
Monarail
A track switch containing one straight section of moving track pivoted in the center which can be rotated to align it with other crossing tracks to allow passage of a carrier through the junction without changing the direction of the carrier motion. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Curves
Monorail
Formed sections of monorail track used to change the horizontal or vertical direction of carrier travel. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Cushioned start
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical or mechanical method for reducing the rate of acceleration of a travel motion. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Cushioned start
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical or mechanical method for reducing the rate of acceleration of trol­ley motion. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Dead loads
General
The loads on a structure which remain in a fixed position relative to the structure. On a crane bridge such loads include the girders, footwalk, cross shaft, drive units, panels, etc. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Deflection
Bridge Crane
Displacement due to bending or twisting in a vertical or lateral plane, caused by the imposed live and dead loads. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Designated
Regulatory
Selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as being competent to perform specific duties. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Diaphragm
Bridge Crane
A plate or partition between opposite parts of a member, serving a definite purpose in the structural design of the member. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Disconnecting means
Bridge Crane Electrical
A device, or group of devices, or other means whereby the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their power source. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Double girder crane
Bridge Crane
A .crane having two bridge girders mounted between and supported from the end trucks. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Drift point
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A point on a travel motion master switch or on a manual Bridge Crane Controller that maintains the brake released while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Drive girder
Bridge Crane
The girder on which the bridge drive machinery is mounted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Driving head.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A motordriven carrier head which is supported from and propelled by the load bearing wheels. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Drop section (also known as lift section)
Monorail
A mecha­nism that will permit a section of track(s) to be lifted or lowered out of alignment with the stationary track(s). (ASME B30.11-1993)

Drum
Hoist
The cylindrical member around which rope is wound for lifting or lowering the load. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Dummy cab
Bridge Crane
An operator’s compartment or platform on a pendant or radio Bridge Crane Controlled crane, having no permanently-mounted electrical Bridge Crane Controls, in which an operator may ride while Bridge Crane Controlling the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Dynamic
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling speed by using the motor as a generator, with the energy being dis­sipated by resistance. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Dynamic lowering
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the hoist motor is so connected in the lowering direction, that when it is over-hauled by the load, it acts as a generator and forces current either through the resistors or back into the line. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Eddy current
Bridge Crane Control
See eddy current braking

Eddy-current braking
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor drives through an electrical induction load brake. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electric baffle
Bridge Crane Electrical
Conductors that are wired to cut off electric power to approaching motor-driven equip­ment if track switches, drop sections, and other mov­able track devices are not properly set for passage of equipment. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Electric overhead traveling crane
Bridge Crane
An electrically operated machine for lifting, lowering and transporting loads, consisting of a movable bridge carrying a fixed or movable hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead runway structure. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electrical braking system
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Controlling crane motor speed when in an overhauling condition, without the use of friction braking. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Electrically interlocked
Bridge Crane Control
An electrical device in the starter circuit which prevents a short circuit when opposite Bridge Crane Controls are operated at the same time. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Electrification.
Bridge Crane Electrical
The track mounted conductor system by which the moving equipment receives its electrical power. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Enclosed conductor
Bridge Crane Electrical
A conductor or group of con­ductors substantially enclosed to prevent accidental contact. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Enclosure
Bridge Crane Electrical
A housing to contain electrical components, usually specified by a NEMA classification number. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End approach
Bridge Crane
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the outermost extremities of the crane and the centerline of the hook. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End stop
Bridge Crane & Runway
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and nor­mally does not have energy absorbing ability. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End tie
Bridge Crane
A structural member other than the end truck which connects the ends of the girders to maintain the squareness of the bridge. (CMAA Spec. 70)

End truck
Bridge Crane
An assembly consisting of the frame and wheels which support the crane girder(s) and allow movement along the runway. (ASME B30.11-1993)

End truck loa
Bridge Crane


Equalizer
Hoist
A device which compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope or chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Exposed
Bridge Crane Electrical
Applies to hazardous objects not guarded or isolated (capable of being contacted inadvertently). (ASME B30-17)

Fail-safe
General
A provision designed to automatically stop or safely Bridge Crane Control any motion in which a malfunction occurs. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Field wiring
General
The wiring required after erection of the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Fixed axle
Bridge Crane
An axle which is fixed in the truck and on which the wheel revolves. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Fixed Transfer Section

See Crossover. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Fixed transfer section (also known as crossover)
Monorail
A connecting track with an interlock mechanism on both ends, mounted between two interlocking cranes, used to transfer a carrier from one bridge to the other. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Fleet angle
Hoist
The angle formed by the wire rope and the drum groove or sheave groove in the plane which contains the wire rope and is parallel to the drum or sheave axis. (WCH)

Floor Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
Motor propelled units which are Bridge Crane Controlled by an operator on the floor by means of pushbutton station suspended from the overhead equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Foot walk
Bridge Crane
The full length walkway with handrail and toeboards, at­tached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes. Not to be confused with an access platform (usually a short platform provided only to access endtruck).

Force, breakaway
Below hook device
— the force that must be applied to a magnet to remove it from a piece of ferromagnetic ma­terial to which it is magnetically attached. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Fork
Below hook device
A mechanical device for use on interlocking transfer equipment to mechanically prevent passage. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Friction-type pressure gripping lifters
Below hook device
Lifters that grip the load without significant or harmful permanent de­formation of the load surface (see Figs. 17 through 21). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Gantry crane
Bridge Crane
A crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Gantry leg
Bridge Crane
The structural member which supports a bridge girder or end tie from the sill. (ASME B30-17)

Gauge
Bridge Crane
The center-to-center distance between the load carrying flanges of the two crane girders of a double girder crane. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Girder, auxiliary (outrigger)
Bridge Crane
An additional girder, either solid or latticed, arranged parallel to the bridge girder(s) for supporting the foot-walk, Bridge Crane Control panels, operator’s cab, etc., to reduce the torsional forces such loads might otherwise impose. (WCH)

Girder, bridge
Bridge Crane
The principal horizontal beam(s) of the crane, which supports the trolley, is supported by the end trucks, and is perpendicular to the runway. (WCH)

Girder, drive (girder “a”)
Bridge Crane
The bridge girder to which the bridge motor and gearcase(s) are attached. For cranes having a drive on each girder, it is the girder to which the Bridge Crane Control panels and/or the cab are attached. (WCH)

Girder, idler (girder “b”)
Bridge Crane
The bridge girder which does not have the bridge drive attached, but which usually carries the bridge conductors. (WCH)

Girder, runway
Bridge Crane
A horizontal beam attached to the building columns or wall, and supporting a runway rail on which the crane travels. (WCH)

Glide switch (sliding switch)
Monorail
A track switch with a movable end frame containing straight and/or curved sections of track. The inner frame can be slid to align these sections of track with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Grip ratio
Below hook device
The ratio of the sum of the horizontal forces on one side of the load to the live weight of the load. For example, if the total horizontal force on one side of the load is 100,000 lb. and the live load is 50,000 lb. the grip ratio is 2. For purposes of this calculation, the weight of the load does not include the weight of the lifter (see Fig. I). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Gripping force
Below hook device
The force the lifting device exerts on the load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Ground fault
Bridge Crane Electrical
An accidental conducting connection between the electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or some conducting body that serves in place of the earth. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Guide, chain
Hoist
A means to guide the load chain at the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Hand chain
Hoist
The chain provided to Bridge Crane Control move­ment of a hand chain operated trolley. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hanger rod
Monorail
A steel rod which, together with other fittings, is used to suspend the track from the support­ing structure. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Hanger rod.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
Steel rods which, together with other fittings, are used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Hazardous (classified) locations
Regulatory
Locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases. or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Refer to ANSI/NFPA 70.

— Class I locations

— Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quan­tities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mix­tures

— Class 2 locations

— Locations that are hazardous be­cause of the presence of combustible dust

— Class 3 locations

— Locations that are hazardous be­cause of the presence of easily ignitable fibers or filings, but in which such fibers or filings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities sufficient to pro­duce ignitable mixtures. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Headroom
Hoist
Headroom is measured with the load hook at its upper limit of travel and is the distance from the saddle of the load hook to the following locations (see Fig. 1)

— (a) centerline of the suspension holes on lug sus­pended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (a)];

— (b) saddle of the top hook on hook suspended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (b)];

— (c) bottom of the beam on trolley suspended hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (c)];

— (d) supporting surface on base and deck mounted hoists [see Fig. 1, sketch (d)];

— (e) uppermost point of hoist on wall and ceiling mounted hoists [see Fig. 1, sketches (e) and (f)]. . (ASME HST-4M-1991)

High temperature service
General
A condition where the sur­face to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is above 2500F (1200C). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Hoist
Hoist
A suspended machinery unit which is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hoist motion
Hoist
That motion which lifts or lowers a load. (ASME B30-17)

Hoist speed
Hoist
Hoist speed is the rate of motion that the load hook attains while lifting rated load.

Hoist, auxiliary
Hoist
A supplemental hoisting unit, usually of lower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Hoist, main
Hoist
The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load of the crane. (WCH)

Holding brake
Hoist
A friction brake for a hoist which is automatically applied and prevents motion when power is off. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hook approach
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance between the center of the runway rail and the hook. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Hook approach, end
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the centerline of the hook(s) and the face of the wall (or columns) at the end of the building. (WCH)

Hook approach, side
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The minimum horizontal distance, perpendic­ular to the runway, between the centerline of a hook (main or auxiliary) and the centerline of the runway rail. (WCH)

Hook suspended
Hoist
Suspension of hoist from a trol­ley or rigid structure by means of a hook(s) at top of hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Hook to hook approach
Bridge Crane


Hook; latch type
Hoist
A type of hook with a mechanical device to bridge the throat opening of the hook. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Horizontal lift
Below hook device
A condition where the surface to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is in a horizontal plane. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Idler sheave
Hoist
A sheave used to equalize tension in oppo­site parts of a rope. Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Impact allowance
Bridge Crane
See Impact Factor.

Impact factor
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Additional hook load assumed to result from the dynamic effect of the live load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Inch (inching)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
See “jog”. Often used incorrectly to refer to “creep speed”. (WCH)

Indentation-type pressure gripping lifters
Below hook device
Lifters that carry the load by applying force to indent the sides of the load (see Figs. 15 and 16). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Indicator, internal Bridge Crane Control function
Below hook device
An indicator which shows that the permanent magnet material in one type of electrically Bridge Crane Controlled permanent magnet has been positioned internally to provide full magnetic at­traction. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Inductive load
Below hook device
An electrical load which has a lagging power factor. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Industrial duty crane
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Service classification covered by CMAA Specification No. 70, ‘Specifications for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes’. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Ingot turnover grab
Below hook device
A manipulating lifter (see Fig). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Insulation class
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Motor winding insulation rating which indicates its ability to withstand heat and moisture. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Interlock mechanism.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two cranes or a crane to a crossover or spur track to permit the transfer of carriers from one crane or track to the other.

Interlocking crane
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A crane with an interlock mechanism on one or both ends enabling it to be mechanically locked to another crane, crossover, or spur track for the purpose of transferring a carrier from one to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Interlocking mechanism
Monorail
A mechanical device to lock together the adjacent ends of two cranes, or a crane to a fixed transfer section or spur track, to per­mit the transfer of carriers from one crane or track to the other. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Inverter (variable frequency drive)
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the fixed line voltage and frequency is changed to a three-phase system with infinitely variable voltage and frequency. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Jib boom
Bridge Crane
A horizontal cantilever track for support­ing the carrier. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Jog (inch)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
To move the hook, trolley, or bridge in a series of short, discontinuous, increments by momentary operation of a Bridge Crane Controller. (WCH)

KSI
Bridge Crane
Kips per square inch, measurement of stress intensity. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Kip
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A unit of force, equivalent to 1000 pounds. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Knee brace
General
The diagonal structural member joining the building column and roof truss. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Latch
Below hook device
A device for holding a lifter in the open or closed position. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Latch, automatic
Below hook device
A sequencing latch mechanism op­erated by lifter motion. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Latch, hook
Hoist
A device used to bridge the throat opening of a hook. (WCH)

Lateral forces
Runway
Horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of the member being considered. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Lateral hook travel
Hoist
The lateral movement of the load hook between its position at the upper limit of travel and its position at the lower limit of travel. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Lefthand end
Bridge Crane
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s left of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane. (WCH)

Lift
Hoist
The maximum vertical distance through which the load hook can travel, and the total allowable hook movement between its upper limit of travel and its position when at the lower limit of travel (see Fig. 1)

Lift (hook travel)
Hoist
The maximum vertical distance through which the hook(s) can move, as determined by the length of rope and/or the number of grooves on the drum. (WCH)

Lift cycle
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Single lifting and lowering motion (with or without load). (CMAA Spec. 70)

Lift limiting device
Hoist
An electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical device for limiting the upward or downward travel of the load hook at the extremities of lift. This device may limit lift at any point within the extremities of lift, if designed to be adjustable. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Lift section
Monorail
A mechanism which will lift a section of track out of alignment with a stationary track. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Lifting beam (spreader beam)
Below hook device
A load supporting lifter (see Fig. 2). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Lifting devices
Hoist
Devices which are not normally reeved onto the hoist rope or chain, such as hook-on buckets, magnets. grabs. and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Limit device
Bridge Crane Control
A device which is operated by some part or motion of a power driven hoist to limit motion. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Limit switch
General
A device designed to cut off the power automatically at or near the limit of travel for the crane motion. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Line contactor
Bridge Crane Control
A contactor to disconnect power from the supply lines. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Live load
General
A load which moves relative to the structure under consideration. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Load
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Load (capacity), rated
General
The maximum load that the lifting magnet is designated to handle by the manufac­turer. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load (capacity), specified application
General
A load applied to the lifting magnet when it is used to handle a specified load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load (maximum), specified
General
A load identified by part number or other Bridge Crane Controlled definition. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Load bar
Hoist
A load-carrying member between carriers load block the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoist rope or load chain. This shall include any appur­tenances reeved in the hoisting rope or load chain. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Load block
Hoist
The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting ropes. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Load carrying flange.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
The lower flange of the track on which the load bearing wheels roll. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Load cycle
Bridge Crane & Hoist
One lift cycle with load plus one lift cycle without load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Load hook
Hoist
the hook used to connect the load to the hoist. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Load suspension parts—
Hoist
The load suspension parts of the hoist are the means of suspension (hook or lug). the structure or housing which supports the drum or load sprocket. the drum or load sprocket. the rope or load chain, the sheaves or sprockets. And the load block or hook. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Load, dead
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The load(s) on a portion of the crane, which remain(s) in affixed position relative to the member being considered. (WCH)

Load, live
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A load which moves or varies relative to the member being considered. For the trolley, the live load consists of the rated load plus the weight of the block. For the bridge, the live load consists of the rated load plus the weight of the trolley. (WCH)

Load, rated
Hoist
The maximum load designated by the man­ufacturer for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built. (ASME B30-17)

Lock bar sheer lifter

A supporting lifter (see Fig. II) . (ASME B30.20-1985)

Longitudinal stiffeners
Bridge Crane
Horizontal members attached to the web of the bridge girder to prevent web buckling. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Low temperature service
Below hook device
A condition where the sur­face to which the vacuum pad (or pads) is attached is below 00F (—180C). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Lug
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device fixed to the end truck or wheel yoke which will prevent the crane or carrier from falling in the event of a wheel or axle failure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Lug suspended
Hoist
A hoist suspended from a trolley or permanent structure by means of bolt(s) or pin(s) through a rigid or swivel type lug. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Magnet
Below hook device
An electromagnetic device carried on a hoist hook, used to pick up and carry loads magnetically. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Magnet, lifting
Below hook device
(a) electromagnet, battery-powered — a magnet which requires continuous current supplied by a battery to maintain holding force (see Fig. 32)

(b) electromagnet, externally powered — a magnet suspended from a crane which requires power from a source external to the crane

(c) permanent magnet, electrically Bridge Crane Controlled — a magnet which derives holding force from permanent magnet material and requires current only during the pe­riod of attachment or release (see Fig. 33)

(d) permanent magnet. manually Bridge Crane Controlled — a magnet which derives holding force from permanent magnet material and requires a manual effort during pe­riod of attachment or release (see Fig. 34). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, close proximity operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet used in such a fashion that the operator man­ually positions the magnet on the load, and manually guides the magnet and load during a lift. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, close proximity operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet used in such a fashion that the operator man­ually positions the magnet on the load, and manually positions the magnet and load during a lift. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, general application
Below hook device
Lifting magnets that are intended by the manufacturer to be used on a number of different geometrical shapes and do not fall under the category of remotely operated lifting magnets. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, remotely operated
Below hook device
A lifting magnet which does not require the operator or other personnel to be in close proximity to the magnet or its load while the magnet is in use (see Figs. 35 and 36). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet, lifting, submersible
Below hook device
— a special magnet that has been designed to be immersed in liquid. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnet. Lifting, specified application

Lifting magnets that are designed for lifting specified geometrical con­figurations and weights of designated parts, identified by part number or other Bridge Crane Controlled definition and used in a Bridge Crane Controlled manner. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Magnetic Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A means of Bridge Crane Controlling direction and speed by using magnetic contactors and relays. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Main hoist
Hoist
The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Main line contactor
Bridge Crane Control
A magnetic contactor used in the incoming power circuit from the main line collectors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Main line disconnect switch
Bridge Crane Control
A manual switch which breaks the power lines leading from the main line collectors. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Man trolley
Monorail
A trolley having an operator’s cab at­tached to it. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Manipulating lifter
Below hook device
A lifter that rotates the load about one or more axes during the lifting process (see Figs. 22 through 26). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Manual-magnetic disconnect switch
Bridge Crane Control
A power disconnecting means consisting of a magnetic-contactor that can be operated by remote pushbutton and can be manu­ally operated by a handle on the switch. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Master switch
Bridge Crane Control
A manually operated device which serves to govern the operation of contactors and auxiliary devices of an electric Bridge Crane Control. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Match marking
General
Identification of non-interchangeable parts for reassembly after shipment. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Mean effective load
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A load used in durability calcula­tions accounting for both maximum and minimum loads. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Mechanical braking means
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control­ling or reducing speed by friction. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Mechanical load brake
Hoist
An automatic type of fric­tion brake used for Bridge Crane Controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor to lower a load but does not impose additional load on the motor when lifting a load.. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Mechanically interlocked
Bridge Crane Control
A mechanical device which prevents operation of opposite Bridge Crane Controls at the same time. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Messenger track
Bridge Crane
A horizontal member, mounted along a handrail or girder, supporting movable carriers from which festooned wires are hung. The festooned wires may be used to transmit current from the bridge to the trolley or from the bridge to a pendant Bridge Crane Control unit. (WCH)

Mill duty crane
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Service classification covered by AISE Standard No. 6, ‘Specification for Electric Overhead Travel­ing Cranes for Steel Mill Service’. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Monorail
Monorail
An overhead track upon which carriers travel, used to transport loads. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Motor circuit switch
Bridge Crane Control
A switch, rated in horsepower, capable of interrupting the maximum operating overload current of a motor of the same horsepower rating as the switch at the rated voltage. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Multiple-pad mechanical vacuum lifter
Below hook device
See Fig. 29 .

Non-coasting mechanical drive
Bridge Crane
A drive with coasting characteristics such that it will stop the motion within a distance in feet equal to 10 percent of the rated speed in feet per minute when traveling at rated speed with rated load. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Normal operating conditions
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Conditions during which a hoist is performing functions within the scope of the original design. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Normal operating conditions (of cab-operated cranes or carriers)
Bridge Crane
Conditions during which a crane or car­rier is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator manually operated hoists, and 25% of the time for electric or pneumatic-powered hoists, of a single work shift. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Normal operating conditions (of floor-operated cranes)
Bridge Crane
Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Un­der these conditions, the operator is at the operating Bridge Crane Control devices that are attached to the crane but operated with the operator off the crane, and there is no person on the crane. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Normal walking speed.
General
A walking speed assumed to be 150 feet per minute (45.7 meters per minute). of a carrier when the elements are not securely locked. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Operator’s cab
Bridge Crane
The operator’s compartment from which movements of the crane are Bridge Crane Controlled. To be specified by the manufacturer as open, having only sides or a railing around the operator, or enclosed, complete with roof, windows, etc. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Any load greater than the rated load.(CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload limit device
Hoist
Refer to Section 4.3 for a com­plete definition. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overload protection (overcurrent)
Hoist
A device operative on excessive current to cause and maintain the int­erruption or reduction of current flow to the equipment governed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Overspeed lifting
Hoist


Overtravel restraint
Hoist
A device used to prevent the slack load chain from inadvertently being lowered out of the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Parts (lines)
Hoist
Number of lines of rope supporting the load block or hook. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Patented track
Bridge Crane
A generic term referring to crane and monorail equipment built in accordance with the MMA specification utilizing a composite track section incor­porating a proprietary bottom flange shape. (CMAA Spec 74)

Pawl
Hoist
A device for holding the machinery against un­desired rotation by engaging a ratchet. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Peel-off
Below hook device
A prying action which takes place when de­flection of an overhanging load exceeds the compensat­ing ability of the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device resulting in loss of load. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Pendant pushbutton station
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Means suspended from the crane operating the Bridge Crane Controllers from the floor or other level beneath the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Pitch diameter
Hoist
The distance from center to center of a rope passing over a sheave or wound on a drum, measured across the diameter of the sheave or drum power transmission parts the power transmission parts of the hoist are the machinery components, in­cluding the gears, shafts, clutches, couplings, bear­ings, motors, and brakes. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Pitch diameter (rope)
Hoist
Distance through the center of ~ drum or sheave from center to center of a rope passed about the periphery. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plain reversing Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A reversing Bridge Crane Control which has identical characteristics for both directions of motor rotation. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plugging
Bridge Crane Control
A Bridge Crane Control function which accomplishes braking by reversing the motor line voltage polarity or phase sequence. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Plugging relay
Bridge Crane Control
A current relay used on a bridge or trolley Bridge Crane Control panel which senses current in the motor secondary circuit of an alternating current motor and limits reverse torque of the motor to the first Bridge Crane Control point until the motor rotation has stopped. In a direct current Bridge Crane Control panel, the relay performs the same function by establishing a patented sensing circuit at the motor armature. (Sometimes called an anti- plugging relay.) (WCH)

Primary upper limit device
Hoist
The first device that, when actuated, limits hoisting motion in the upward direction. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Important, this is not to be used as a operational limit switch.

Process crane
Bridge Crane


Protective panel
Bridge Crane Control
An assembly containing overload and undervoltage protection for all crane motions. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Pulpit Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A unit operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane. Pushbutton Station. A device consisting of pushbutton operated contacts in an enclosure used by the operator for Bridge Crane Control of the powered motions of the crane, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Push button station
Hoist
An electrical Bridge Crane Control device, con­sisting of push button operated contacts, used by the oper­ator for the Bridge Crane Control of the powered motions of the crane, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment. (ASME B30-17)

Qualified person
Regulatory
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work. (ASME B30-17)

Radio Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
A unit operated from a radio transmitter located at a point not mechanically attached to the device being Bridge Crane Controlled. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Rail sweep
Bridge Crane
A device attached to the crane and located in front of the crane’s leading wheels to push aside loose obstructions. (ASME B30-17)

Rail, bridge
Bridge Crane
The track supported by the bridge girder(s), on which the trolley travels. (WCH)

Rail, runway
Runway
The track supported by the runway beams, on which the crane travels. (WCH)

Rated load (capacity)
Bridge Crane & Hoist
The maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Reach
Hoist
Reach is equal to lift plus headroom. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Reeving
Hoist
The reeving of the hoist is the path of the rope between the hoist and the load block

— (a) double reeving two parts of line leading off of the drum (see Fig. 2).

— (b) single reeving one part of the line leading off of the drum (see Fig. 2). (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Regenerative braking means
Hoist
A method of Bridge Crane Control­ling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the motor is fed back into the power system rope refers to wire rope unless otherwise speci­fied. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Regulated speed
Bridge Crane & Hoist
A function which tends to maintain constant motor speed for any load for a given speed setting of the Bridge Crane Controller. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Remote Bridge Crane Controlled
Bridge Crane Control
A unit operated from a Bridge Crane Control station located at a point not mechanically attached to the device being Bridge Crane Controlled. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Righthand end
Bridge Crane
A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s right of the centerline of span, established when facing the drive girder side of the crane. (WCH)

Rope
Hoist
Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified. (ASME B30-17)

Rope drum
Hoist
The cylindrical member around which the rope is wound for lifting and lowering the load. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Rope sheave
Hoist
A grooved wheel used with a rope to change direction and point of application of a pulling force. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Rotary switch
Monorail
A track switch with a movable in­ner frame containing straight and/or curve sections of track. The inner frame can be rotated around a vertical axis to align these tracks with other tracks for routing carriers from one track to another. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Rotating axle
Bridge Crane
An axle which rotates with the wheel.(CMAA Spec. 70)

Running sheave
Hoist
A sheave that rotates as the hook is lifted or lowered. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Runway
Runway
The rails, beams, brackets and framework on which the crane operates. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Runway conductors
Runway
The main conductors mounted on or parallel to the runway which supplies current to the crane. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Runway rail
Runway
The rail supported by the runway beams on which the bridge travels. (CMAA Spec. 70)

S section
Bridge Crane & Runway
A standard beam shape as defined by the American Institute of Steel Construction. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Safety lug
Bridge Crane
A mechanical device fixed securely to the end truck or trolley yoke which will limit the fall of the crane or carrier in case of wheel or axle failure. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Service platform
Bridge Crane
A means provided for workers to per­form maintenance, inspections, adjustments, and repairs of cranes (ASME B30-17)

Service, heavy
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That service which involves operation within the rated load limit which exceeds normal service. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Service, normal
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That distributed service which in­volves operation with randomly distributed loads within the rated load limit, or uniform loads less than 65% of rated load for not more than 15% of the time for man­ually operated hoists, and 25% of the time for electric-or air-powered hoists. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Service, severe
Bridge Crane & Hoist
That service which involves normal or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Shall
Regulatory
This word indicates that a rule is mandatory and must be followed. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Shear breakaway force
Below hook device
The external force that is re­quired to separate or slide the vacuum pad or vacuum lifting device on the load when the force is applied par­allel to the attached load surface. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Sheave
Hoist
A grooved wheel or pulley used with a rope or chain to change direction and point of application of a pulling force. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Sheave, running
Hoist
A sheave which rotates as the load block is lifted or lowered. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Sheave; nonrunning (equalizer)
Hoist
A sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of the rope. Be­cause of its slight movement, it is not termed a run­ning sheave. . (ASME B30.2-1990)

Should
Regulatory
This word indicates that a rule is a recom­mendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Side pull
Hoist
The component of the hoist pull acting hori­zontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically. (ASME B30-17)

Simple beam
General
A structural member supported and unrestrained at each end and subjected to loads acting transversely to its longitudinal axis. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Single reeved
Hoist


Skeleton cab
Bridge Crane
Same as dummy cab. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Skewing forces
Bridge Crane
Lateral forces on the bridge truck wheels caused by the bridge girders not running perpen­dicular to the runways. Some normal skewing occurs in all bridges. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Span
Bridge Crane
The horizontal distance center-to-center of runway rails. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Splice
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A mechanical device used to join the adjacent ends of track sections. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Spring return
Bridge Crane Control
A device used on a manual Bridge Crane Controller, master switch, or pushbutton to cause the unit to return automatically to the neutral position, when released by the operator. (WCH)

Sprocket, idle
Hoist
A freely rotating device that changes the direction of the load chain. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Sprocket. Load
Hoist
A hoist component that transmits mo­tion to the load chain. This component is sometimes called load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, or chain wheel. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Spur track
Monorail
A fixed track arranged to interlock with an adjacent crane girder to permit passage of carriers from the spur track to the crane, and vice versa. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Squaring shaft
Bridge Crane
A driven shaft which transmits torque to drive wheels operating on two or more tracks. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Standby equipment
Bridge Crane & Hoist
Equipment that is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Static Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A method of switching electrical circuits without the use of contacts. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stationary track.

A fixed track attached to the building or supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Stepless Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A type of Bridge Crane Control system with infinite speed Bridge Crane Control between minimum speed and full speed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stepped Bridge Crane Control
Bridge Crane Control
A type of Bridge Crane Control system with fixed speed points. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stop
Runway
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability. (ASME B30-17)

Strength, average ultimate
General
The average tensile force per unit of cross sectional area required to rupture the material as determined by test. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Stress
General
Load or force per unit area tending to deform the material usually expressed in pound per square inch. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Stripper
Hoist
A device that aids the load chain in leaving the load sprocket. (ASME B30-16-1993)

Structural lifting device
Below hook device
A lifter consisting of an as­sembly of rigid parts designed to hold and attach a load to a hoistway device. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Structural supports
Runways
Structural members provided for the support of runways or monorail track and switches. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Supporting lift
Below hook device
A lifter that carries the load on rigid projection(s) or bearing surface(s) (see Figs. 2 through 14). (ASME B30.20-1985)

Supporting structure.
Runways
The structure used for the support of a monorail or crane system. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Suspension fittings
Bridge Cranes & Hoist
Fittings used to attach the track to the supporting structure. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Sweep
Bridge Crane & Runway
Maximum lateral deviation from straightness of a structural member, measured at right angles to the Y-Y axis. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Switch, cross-track
Monorail
A track switch containing one straight section of track, pivoted about the center, which can be rotated to align with other crossing tracks to allow passage of the carrier through the junc­tion without changing the direction of the carrier motion. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, emergency stop
Bridge Crane Control
A manually actuated switch to disconnect power independently of the regular operating Bridge Crane Controls. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, glide (slide)
Monorail
A track switch with a movable inner frame containing straight or curved sections of track. The inner frame can be moved to align these sections of track with other fixed tracks to permit routing of carriers. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, limit
Bridge Crane Control
A device that is actuated by the motion of a part of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter or disconnect the electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuit associated with the machine or equipment. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, main (crane disconnect)
Bridge Crane Control
A switch on the crane Bridge Crane Controlling the main power supply from the runway con­ductors. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, master
Bridge Crane Control
Switch that dominates the operation of contactors, relays, or other remotely operated devices. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, master, spring-return
Bridge Crane Control
A master switch that when released will return automatically to a neutral (OFF) position. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, runway disconnect
Bridge Crane Control
A switch, usually at floor level, Bridge Crane Controlling the main power supply to the runway conductors. (ASME B30-17)

Switch, tongue
Monorail
A track switch containing one straight section of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swung to various positions to connect with fixed tracks for routing of carriers. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Switch, track
Monorail
A device with a moving section of track that can be moved to permit passage of a carrier from incoming fixed track(s) to outgoing fixed track(s). (ASME B30.11-1993)

Tagline
Bridge Crane Electrical
An electrical conductor system employing flexible cables. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Technical lifting device
Below hook device
A mechanism composed of two or more rigid parts which move with respect to each other for attaching a load to a hoisting device. (ASME B30.20-1985)

TENC
Bridge Crane Control
Totally enclosed fan cooled. (CMAA Spec. 70)

TENV
Bridge Crane Control
Totally enclosed non ventilated. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Test, application breakaway force
Below hook device
A test that is car­ried out in accordance with instructions from the man­ufacturer of the lifting magnet in order to establish the application breakaway force. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Test, rated breakaway force
Below hook device
A test that is carried out per para. 20-3.3.2(b)(2) in order to establish the rated breakaway force. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Tongue switch.
Monorail
A switch that contains one straight section of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swung to various positions to connect with other tracks for transfer of carriers from one to the other. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Top running crane
Bridge Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on rails attached to the top of the crane runway.(CMAA Spec. 74)

Torque, full load (motor)
Bridge Crane Control
The torque produced by a motor operating at its rated horsepower and speed. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Torque, locked rotor
Bridge Crane Control
The minimum torque which a squirrel- cage motor will develop at rest, for all angular positions of the rotor, with rated voltage applied at rated frequency. Not applicable to wound-rotor (slip-ring) motors. (WCH)

Torque, motor breakdown
Bridge Crane Control
The maximum torque which a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor (slip-ring) motor will develop with rated voltage applied at rated frequency, without an abrupt drop in speed. (WCH)

Torque, motor full load
Bridge Crane Control
The torque developed by an electric motor (A.C. or D.C.) to produce its rated horsepower at rated full load speed. (WCH)

Torque, motor pull up
Bridge Crane Control
The minimum torque developed by a squirrel cage or wound rotor (slip-ring) motor during the period of acceler­ation from rest to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs. For squirrel cage motors with 8% or greater slip, the pull up torque, the break­down torque, and the starting torque are all equal and occur at zero speed. (WCH)

Torsional box girder
Bridge Crane
Girder in which the trolley rail is located over one web. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Torsional forces
Bridge Crane
Forces which can cause twisting of a member. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Track
Monorail
The structural member that supports the car­rier or crane wheels. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track capacity.
Bridge Crane & Monorail
The design load which consists of the rated load, impact allowance and load imposed by the weight of the equipment.(ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Track curves
Monorail
Curved sections of monorail track used to change the direction of carrier travel. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track hangers
Monorail
Fittings used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track joint
Monorail
The point at which two sections of track are joined together. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Track joint

The point at which two sections of track are joined together. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Track opener
Monorail
A section of monorail track arranged to lift or swing out of line to make an opening through which a door may pass. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Tractor drive
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A motordriven unit supported from wheels and propelled by drive wheel or wheels bearing on the underside of the track. (ANSI MH 27.1-1981)

Trolley
Hoist
A wheeled mechanism from which a hoist is suspended to provide horizontal motion of the hoist along a beam. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley

See Carrier.

Trolley (carrier)
Hoist
The unit which travels on the bottom flange of the bridge girder and carries the hoist. (ASME B30-17)

Trolley frame
Hoist
The basic structure of the trolley on which are mounted the hoisting and traversing mechanisms. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Trolley speed
Hoist
Trolley speed is the rate of motion that a motor operated trolley (and hoist) attains while traveling along a beam. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley suspended
Hoist
Suspension of hoist from a trol­ley. Hoist can be connected to trolley by hook, clevis, or lug suspension, or the hoist can be integral with trolley. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Trolley travel
Hoist
The trolley movement in directions at right angles to the crane runway. (ASME B30-17)

Truck
Bridge Crane
A unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles that supports the bridge girders, the end ties of an overhead crane, or the sill of a gantry crane unattended a condition in which the operator of a crane is not at the operating Bridge Crane Control devices. How­ever, on a floor-operated crane, if the operating Bridge Crane Control devices are within sight of the operator and within a distance equal to the span of the crane, the crane. e should be considered attended. (ASME B30.2-1990)

True vertical lift
Hoist
In true vertical lift, the load hook travels in a true vertical path between the lower limit of lift and the upper limit of lift. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Turntable
Monorail
A track device with a movable inner frame containing a straight section of track which can be ro­tated with a loaded carrier on it to align the section of track with other tracks for the transfer of carriers from one track to another. (ASME B30.11-1993)

Two blocking
Hoist
Condition under which the load block or load suspended from the hook becomes
jammed against the crane structure preventing further winding up of the hoist drum.
(CMAA Spec. 70)

Under running crane
Bridge Crane
An electric overhead traveling crane having the end trucks supported on track
at­tached to the bottom flanges of the beams; or sup­ported on bottom flanges
of beams. These beams make up the crane runway. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Undervoltage protection
Bridge Crane Control
A device operative on the reduction or failure of voltage to cause and maintain
the interruption of power in the main circuit. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Upper block
Hoist
A fixed block located on a trolley that, through a system of sheaves,
bearings, pins, and frame, supports the load block and its load. (ASME B30.2-1990)

Vacuum
Below hook device
— pressure less than ambient atmospheric pres­sure. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum lifter
Below hook device
— a below-the-hook lifting device for lift­ing and transporting loads in a
fixed attitude using a holding force by means of vacuum. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum manipulator
Below hook device
A vacuum lifter capable of re­positioning the load while suspended.
(ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum pad
Below hook device
A device which applies a holding force on the load by means of vacuum. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Vacuum reservoir
Below hook device
The evacuated portion of the vac­uum system whose function is to compensate
for leak­age into the vacuum system or to provide a vacuum re­serve in event
of vacuum generator failure. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Variable frequency
Bridge Crane Control
A method of Bridge Crane Control by which the motor supply voltage and
frequency can be adjusted. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Vertical lift
Below hook device
A condition where the surface to which a vacuum pad is attached is in a vertical plane. (ASME B30.20-1985)

Voltage drop
Bridge Crane Control
The loss of voltage in an electric conduc­tor between supply tap and load tap.
(CMAA Spec. 70)

W section
Bridge Crane & Runway
A wide flange beam shape as defined by the American Institute of
Steel Construction. (CMAA Spec. 74)

Wall mounted
Hoist
A type of hoist mounting in which the hoist is mounted to a vertical surface. (ASME HST-4M-1991)

Web plate
Bridge Crane
The vertical plate connecting the upper and lower flanges or cover plates of
a girder. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Wheel load
Bridge Crane & Runway
The load without impact on any wheel with the trolley and lifted load
(rated capacity) positioned on the bridge to give maximum loading. (CMAA Spec. 70)

Wheel yoke
Bridge Crane & Monorail
A frame on which a pair of carrier (trolley) wheels are mounted. (ANSI MH27.1-1981)

Wheelbase
Bridge Crane
Distance from center-to-center of outermost wheels. (CMAA Spec. 70)